

10 



Europe : — a popular Physical Sketch. 519 



Birch, 69° N. L. 

 Larch, 68° 

 Pine, 68° 

 Fir, 67° 

 Lime, 63° 

 Elm, 62° 

 Oak, 60° 



From which it will be perceived that these trees, notwith- 

 standing the severer climate in Russia, extend nearly as far 

 north as in Scandinavia, and even more to the northward 

 than on the islands of the Atlantic. The beech does not 

 thrive in this severe climate, and is found only in Volhynia, 

 and some other south-western provinces. The chestnut does 

 not appear in a wild state. 



Except in the northernmost part, and in some districts 

 where the soil proves an obstacle, this plain is well adapted 

 for agriculture. The exportation of grain from the ports in 

 the Baltic and from Odessa is very important, and the sorts 

 exported are rye, wheat, oats, and in the central provinces 

 millet, and in the southern also maize. Rye is the common 

 bread from 65° to 48° N. L., below which wheat. The north 

 frontier of these kinds of grain may be fixed thus :■ — 



Barley, 67° N. L. 

 Rye, 65° 

 Oats, 63° 

 Wheat, 60° 

 Millet, 55° 

 Maize, 48° 



Compared to the agricultural frontiers in the western part 

 of the European continent, the difference will not be found 

 considerable, and even on the islands of the Atlantic, grain 

 extends not so far north as on the North European plain ; 

 another proof that grain cultivation depends more upon the 

 summer temperature than upon the annual temperature. 



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