40 THEEL, NORTHERN AND ARCTIC INVERTEBRATES. 1. SIPUNCULIDS. 
Vessels: H. M. Gunboats Urd and Verdandi for the voyage out and Urd alone 
for the voyage home. 
Commanders: Captains L. PALANDER, G. SJÖBERG and I. D. BARKLAY. 
Object: As part of an international scientific undertaking, to study the meteo- 
rology and the terrestrial magnetism of the arctic regions, while simultaneously other 
expeditions were engaged in similar observation in antarcetic regions. Sweden was 
to organise an observatory on Spitzbergen and take observations for a whole year. 
Extent: Cape Thordsen in Ice Fjord. 
Duration: "The expedition left Gothenburg on the lst of July 1882 and started 
from Spitzbergen for the voyage home on the 24th of August 1883. 
Ways and Means: A grant from L. O. SmITtH, a Stockholm merchant, a subsidy 
from the Government and donations from several private individuals. 
1883. 
(Swedish Arctic Expedition). 
Leader: A. E. NORDENSKIÖLD. 
Staff of Scientists on board: A. G. NATHORST, Ph. D. (Botanist, fossil Plants), 
I. A. BERLIN, M. D., C. W. FORSSTRAND, Phil. Lic. (Zoologist, Zoo-geographer), G. 
KorTtHOFF (Zoologist, Ornithologist), A. HAMBERG, Undergraduate (Hydrographer), C. 
J. O. KJELLSTRÖM, Lieutenant (Cartographer), Count H. F. G. STRÖMFELT, Phil. Cand. 
(Botanist, Algologist), R. ARrRrPi, Phil. Cand. (Philologist), G. FLINK, Undergraduate 
(Mineralogist). 
Vessel: The mail-steamer Sofia. 
Sawiling-Master: Captain E. NILsson. 
Object: To study the natural history of Iceland and of the western coast of 
Greenland, to undertake a journey on the inland-ice of Greenland, and to try to 
penetrate to the eastern coast of that land. STRÖMFELT, ÅRPI and FLINK were to 
spend the whole summer in Iceland. During the ice-expedition, the Sofia, under the 
leadership of NATHORST, was to steam away northwards along the west coast of 
Greenland as far as to Cape York. 
Hxtent: Iceland, Greeniand: Julianehaab, Ivigtut, Godhavn, Egedesminde, Way- 
gat Strait, Tassiusarsoak, Upernavik, Duck Island, Conical Rock near Cape York, 
Cape Dan, King Oscar's Harbour, Iceland, Gothenburg. 
Duration: On the 23rd of May the Sofia left Gothenburg and returned there 
on the 27th of September. | = 
Ways and Means: A donation from OSCAR DICKSON and a grant from the 
Swedish Government. 
18384. 
CARL AURIVILLIUS, Ph. D. (Zoologist, Crustacea, Vertebrates and Invertebrates). 
Object: To study the marine fauna of Finmarken. 
