4 Europe: — a popular Physical Sketch. 



the Mediterranean ; and, lastly, the Danube, the sources 

 of which are in Schwarzwald, and Rauhe-Alp, and after 

 receiving a number of branch rivers from the north and 

 east side of the Alps, takes an easterly course towards the 

 Black sea. 



At the foot of the Alps appear some extensive lakes, 

 viz. in the south Lago Maggiore, Lago di Como, Lago 

 di Garda, with several smaller; in the north, the lakes of 

 Geneva 1173 feet above the level of the sea, of Neuf- 

 chatel 1386 feet, of Zurich 1386 feet, of Boden 1173 feet, 

 and others ; in the east, the Neusiedler and Platten lake. 

 The western side of the Alps presents no extensive lake. 

 The elevated, or Alpine lakes are but small, as the lake 

 on Mont Cenis, at an elevation of 1706 feet. The central 

 formation of the Alps consists of granite, mica slate, granu- 

 lar limestone, and several rocks generally classified un- 

 der primitive formations, of which also consist the highest 

 peaks ; other rocks however appear also on both sides, 

 particularly limestone, occupying a great part of the whole 

 chain. Volcanic rocks are of rare occurrence. The Alps 

 are rich in metallic ores, particularly iron, copper, lead, 

 and quicksilver, and the most important mines occur in 

 Steyria (Steirmark) and Karnthen, on the east side ; the 

 Savoy and Dauphine on the western. The following will 

 give a summary view of the mean temperatures. 



Elevation 

 over the sea. 



Annual. 



Winter. 



Summer. 



Avignon, 44° N. L. 



57.8° 



43.2° 



73.6° 



Marseilles, 43° 30' 



57.8° 



46.62° 



68° 



Milan, ... 45° 30' 448 ft. 



55.62' 



36.5o 



72.5° 



Ofen, ... 47° 30' 508 



51.12° 



31.8° 



70.2° 



Geneva, ... 46° 1299 



50° 



35.37° 



62.37° 



Munich, ... 48° 1737 



47.7° 



— 29.8° 



64.6* 



Peissenberg,48° 3293 



42.12° 



— 28.63° 



51.8° 



St. Gothard, 46° 30' 6868 



—29.8° 



— 17.38° 



43.2° 



St. Bernard, 46 8179 



—31.8° 



— 18.5° 



43.2° 



