Europe : — a popular Physical Sketch. 1 1 



Carpathians, but they exceed the two latter chains in 

 height. 



The passes are in no respect behind those of the Alps, 

 and consequently appear higher compared to the highest 

 peaks. A number of very regular transverse valleys distin- 

 guish the Pyrenees, but no longitudinal vallies of any conse- 

 quence, nor do they send forth any terraces on their sides. 



All the rivers from the south side are received by the 

 river Ebro, which follows an easterly course, and whose 

 mouth is in the Mediterranean. The north side sends most 

 of its waters to the rivers Adour and Garonne, terminating 

 in the Atlantic. The most celebrated waterfall is at Gaver- 

 nie, the height of which is 1280 feet, but the mass of water 

 is not considerable. No great lakes appear like those at 

 the foot of the Alps, or the Scandinavian mountains, and 

 the mountain lakes are few, and very small. 



The Pyrenees, like the Alps, are in the middle, granite, 

 mica slate, and granular limestone, on both extremities 

 other rocks occur, particularly limestone and sandstone. 

 No volcanic rocks appear. The metals are the same as 

 those of the Alps, quicksilver excepted. 



Our knowledge of the Pyreneian climate is very imperfect. 



Perpignan, 42° 30' N. L. 

 Dax, ... 43° 30' 

 Mt. Louis,* 42° 30' 



From this it would appear the climate of the north side 

 of the Pyrenees is milder at the Mediterranean than Atlantic, 

 where there also appears to be less difference between the 

 seasons, which usually is the consequence of the vicinity of 

 the ocean. At Mt. Louis the mean temperature is a little 

 higher than in Stockholm, the winter something warmer, 

 but the summer colder. 



* 5226 feet. 



Annual. 



Winter. 



Summer. 



60. V 



45.5° 



74.75° 



56.7° 



44.37° 



69.1° 



43.25° 



32° 



56.7° 



