82 W. E. Brooks— Cashmir Birds. [No. 1, 



MOTACILLA CASHMIHElSrSIS, Sp. nov. 



Is quite distinct from M. Znizoniensis, Scopoli, with which I com- 

 pared it. The latter is, as noted by Dr. Jerdon, identical with M. Sodg- 

 soni, Blyth, vel 1£. alboides, Hodg. My new bird is coloured very like If. 

 hi gens, Temm. and Schleg., except that the chin, and throat are black. 

 The black extends down the breast for 2\ inches from base of lower mandi- 

 ble. White portion of face as hi M. personata of Gould and M. lugens ; 

 remainder of head and whole of back deep black. All the wing coverts, 

 except a few at upper portion of bend of wing, pure white. All the quills 

 edged with white, the tertials very broadly so ; so that when the wing is 

 closed, it looks almost entirely white. I need not notice that the tail is the 

 same as that of all other black and white wagtails. Total length 7 - 6 ; 

 wing 3 55 ; tail 4 inches, bill at front "5 ; tarsus "97. My bird has a 

 grey back in winter, and some of those shot in May were only partly chang- 

 ed. If Mr. Gould's specimens of Jlf. personata were not midsummer ones, 

 my bird may prove to be If. personata. It nests in holes under large stones 

 in shingle beds of rivers and in accumulations of drift . wood. The eggs are 

 like those of If. alba, but slightly larger. 



Calobates melajSTOPE. — Breeds plentifully on the Cashmir streams 

 above 6000 feet elevation. Nest and eggs similar to those of C. sulplmrea. 

 It is distinguished from the European bird by a very much shorter tail. 



Bubttes calcabatus, Hodgson. — Plentiful in the Cashmir marshes 4 

 Breeds on ploughed land and in broken banks near streams of running water. 

 I could not find the nest. The female has a dark grey and black mottled 

 back, with a black grey crown to the head ; siipercilium and lower parts 

 yellow. Some females are more grey and without a shade of black. 

 The males have velvet black backs. 



Bubttes citeeola, Pallas. — Common with the last in the Indian mar- 

 shes in the cold season, and migrates through Cashmir in May. In June 

 they were entirely gone from Cashmir. This bird never has a black back, 

 but only a crescentic half collar at the back of the lower neck. The back is 

 alwa} r s grey. The female has not the collar, nor has she a pure yellow 

 head ; the top of her head being yellow olive. The supercilium and lower 

 parts yellow, but duller than in the male. She is a smaller bird than the 

 female of the last species. 



Bubttes crNEREOCAPiBBA. — Migrates abundantly through Cis-Hima- 

 layan Cashmir in the beginning of May. The dimensions of this bird 

 average greater than in B. flava and B. melanocephala ; especially as 

 regards the length of wing. The mature female approaches the male closely 

 in size and brilliancy, which is not the case with the other two species. The 

 mature females of cinereocapilla an&Jlava are very easily separable both by 

 size and colour ; the latter being far from a brilliant bird, which the female 



