135 



Hayes says that- the fetlock joints (especially), yard, 

 sheath, front of chest, face, lips, and tongue are the usual 

 points of attack. 



In this connection it is interesting to note that the penis 

 and sheath are commonly affected, as is found to be the case 

 in Southern Australia. 



Argyle (1910) described the occurrence of bursattee 

 lesions on the corners of the mouth, sheath, and in two cases 

 on the penis at the urethral orifice. In the same year (1910) 

 Hodgkins described a case of bursattee showing lesions on the 

 sheath, breast, fetlocks, internal canthus of both eyes, and the 

 urethral orifice. 



Holmes (1915) has come to the conclusion that the disease 

 is probably a mycosis somewhat resembling sporotrichosis of 

 the horse and mule described by Carougeau in Madagascar. 



He admits that he is unaware of recorded cases of trans- 

 mission of the sore from horse to horse. He says that there is 

 not sufficient evidence to prove that Nematode embryos are 

 present in bursati lesions, or that bursati sores or tumours are 

 caused by such embryos. 



There may be no evidence to prove that Nematode embryos 

 or larvae are present in the lesions, but this negative evidence 

 is not proof that the lesions are not due to the presence of 

 larvae at some time. It has already been shown that it may be 

 impossible to demonstrate larvae in habronemic granulomata 

 of more than three or four weeks' standing, providing there 

 is no reinfection. In the majority of the lesions collected from 

 animals in Southern Australia examined by the present writer, 

 no larvae have been found. In many of them it has been 

 difficult to demonstrate even any worm canals, but in a series 

 of tumours from early to late one can trace the gradual dis- 

 appearance of the larvae. Therefore, one is not justified in 

 claiming that a granuloma possessing the macroscopic and 

 microscopic appearances of a chronic habronemic granuloma is 

 not due to a larval Habronema, simply because the larva can- 

 not be demonstrated. Experimental evidence suggests that 

 the larvae of Habronema microstoma, although setting up a 

 typical granuloma, disappear very rapidly. It seems possible 

 that many of the granulomata in which no larvae can be found 

 may be due to larvae of H. microstoma. The bursattee lesions 

 described by Argyle and by Hodgkins, however, appear to be 

 very similar to the habronemic granulomata, as seen in 

 Southern Australia, and to "summer sores." The lesions were 

 found on the mucous membranes of the eye and penis, respect- 

 ively. This suggests that they, at least, would not be due to 

 larvae of H. microstoma, but to the same species a6 the larvae 



