336 
at Kew, written up as Andropogon Martini by Royle. This, 
apart from the usual exactness of Roxburgh’s drawings, precludes 
the assumption that the Roxburghian figure is merely an instance 
of bad draughtsmanship. How the confusion came about I cannot 
say ; but under the circumstances it is evidently only reasonable 
to connect the name Andropogon Martini with the Roxburghian 
type in the British Museum rather than with the drawing. 
The exact locality where Martin gathered the plant is not 
known, “ Ballaghat’’ in this case meaning merely the table-land 
“above the Ghats.” Yet the fact that the military operations of 
1791 and 1792 were confined to the country around and between 
Bangalore and Seringapatam, fixes the locality within narrow 
limits. Vand yeti : 
When the Rusd-oil grass of Nimar became known in 1824, 
Wallich* suggested that it was’ Andropogon Mariini, and this 
has ever since been generally admitted. He, however, also 
assumed the identity of Andropogon Martini with Andropogon 
Jwarancusa, and in this he was no doubt wrong. Roxburgh’s 
type must have been cut from an unusually robust plant. The 
culm is 6 mm. in diam. ; the sheaths are up to 8 mm. wide, whilst 
the incomplete leaves are about 37 cm. long, and where broken 
off, 12 mm. wide, the maximum width near the base being 15 mm. 
The inflorescence is over 30 cm. long. I have seen no specimen 
exactly matching the type so far as dimensions are concerned ; 
but one collected by Duthie at Asirgarh Fort, the locus classicus— 
as we shall presently see—of the Rusa-oil plant, is in every other 
respect a perfect counterpart of it, so that there can be no. doubt 
as to the identity of Andropogon Martini and the Rusa-oil plant. 
COMPLICATION OF THE SYNGNYMyY.—In 1837, Royle referred 
to the fragrant Nimar grass in his essay on the ‘Antiquity of 
Hindoo Medicine.’ As Hatchett had tried to prove that it was 
the ‘Spikenard’ of the ancients, so now Royle in an elaborate 
paragraph endeavoured to demonstrate that the grass was the 
classical Calamus aromaticus, and therefore proposed for it the 
name Andropogon Calamus aromaticus. Although it seems to me 
highly probable thot the ancient Calamus aromaticus was one of 
the aromatic Cymbopogons which form the subject of this paper, 
I doubt if it was the Rusa grass. This, however, is not the place 
to examine the question. Royle gave no technical description of his 
Andropogon Calamus aromaticus, though he figured it extremely 
well in his ‘Illustrations of the Botany of the Himalayan Mountains’ 
(1840), tab. 97, fig. 3. Here (p. 425) he defined the area of the grass 
as extending “north as far as Delhi, and south to between the 
Godavery and Nagpore,” which is somewhat surprising, as he must 
have known it from the outer hills of the Himalayas, particularly 
from the neighbourhood of Saharanpur and Simla. In fact, it had 
already been collected in Nepal (probably the Nepal terai) by 
Wallich as early as 1820, and described by Triniusf from 
Wallich’s specimens as Andropogon pachnodes in 1833, whilst an 
excellent figure by the same author{t followed in 1836. The 
* Wallich in Trans. Med. & Phys, Soc. Calcutta, vol. i. (1825), p. 368. 
+ Trinius, Andropog. in Mém. Ac. Pétersb. sér. 6, vol. ii. (1833), p. 284. 
$ Trinius, Spec. Gram. Icon. (1836), tab. 327, 
