353 
A. bicornis, Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab. (1763), p. 173, non L.. 
—From specimens collected by the author in the Hedjas. 
A. laniger, Desf. Fl. Atl. vol. ii. (1800), p. 379.—From specimens 
collected by the author at Gafsa, Tunis. 
A. Olivieri, Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Or. ser. i. fase. v. (1844), p. 76 
—From specimens collected by Aucher in Mesopotamia, no. 2959. 
A. circinnatus, Hochst. et Steud. Herb. Un. It. no. 789 (name 
only); Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. vol. i. (1855), p. 387.—From speci- 
mens collected by Schimper near Jedda. 
A. Arriani, Edgew. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. vi. (1862), p. 208. 
—From specimens collected by the author in the Panjab. 
A. Iwarancusa, subsp. laniger, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. vii., 
p. 203. 
Gymnanthelia lanigera, Anderss. in Schweinf. Beitr. FI. 
Aethiop. (1867), p. 310 (name only).—Quoted as a synonym by 
Hackel under A. laniger. 
DISTRIBUTION.—From Morocco to the Panjab and Ladak. 
The area is broken up into a number of sometimes very distant 
sub-areas: (@) North Africa from south-west Morocco along the 
southern edge of the Atlas to Tunis; (0) Arabia, south of 18°N.; 
(c) western and south-western outskirts of the Persian highlands 
from 36° N. to Daleki (29° N.) on the Persian Gulf; (d) Kerman, 
up to 2000 m. or higher ; (e) from south-west Afghanistan and 
north-west Baluchistan to the Panjab and the Sikh States, and in 
the Indus valley up to 2000 m. or higher. The eastern limit is 
ill-defined, as here the areas of C. Schoenanthus and C. Jwarancusa 
overlap,and numerous transition forms occur. In the Panjab it 
is common in some of the desert tracts from Karachi to Peshawur 
and Ludhiana, growing on rocks, in sand or in hard, loamy soil. 
HERBARIUM SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—SIND: Without precise 
locality, Stocks, 816,690. WAZIRISTAN : Duthie’s collector, 15,721, 
15,738 ; Dera Ismail Khan, Herb. Duthie, 7224. PansaB: Kuram 
Valley, Shalian plains, 1500 m., Aztchison, 6; Para Chenar, 
Duthie’s collector, 14,800; Salt Range, Bhirpur, Aitchison, 59; 
Loodiana, Edgeworth ; ‘Sikh States, Balawali, Edgeworth. 
CHITRAL : Dir, Herb. Duthie, 6762 ; Warai, 1350 m., Herb. 
Duthie, 17,609; Moikandi, 1740 m. Herb. Duthie, 16,763. 
KASHMIR : Province of Kashmir, Ramu, 1800 m., CO. B. Clarke, 
28,001; Gilgit, Astor Valley, 1800 m., Duthie, 12 001 ; Doyan, 
2130 m., Giles; Gilgit River, 1380 m., Giles ; Chalt, Winterbotiom : 
Niltar Valley, near Nomal, 1500-1800 ie, Duthie, 12,335 ; 
Baltistan, near Scardu, Thomson ; Duthie, 12,045. 
O1L.—(Camel-grass 0il).—Production very limited and local in 
the Panjab, mostly for medical purposes. Yield about 1 per cent. of 
the dry grass as sold in bazaars (Dymock). Composition unknown. 
Specific gravity 0°905 at 29°5° (Dymock), 0:915 at 15° (Schimmel 
& Co.); angle of rotation, ap — 4° (Dymock), + 34°38’ (Schimmel & 
Co.). Distills between 170-250°. 
VERNACULAR NAMES.—Arabic: Izkhir (the grass as sold in 
the bazaars); Mahareb (Cairo, Schweinfurth); M’hah (Hedjas, 
-Forskal). Persian: Gor-giyah (Wild Ass grass; Ulfaz Udwiyah, 
Powell) Hindustani: Khavi (Edgeworth, 1840) ; Ghatyari (Baden 
Powell). 
