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evidently formed the main food supply of the camp. The 

 valves are present in countless millions. Mixed with these, 

 sparingly, are shells of Turbo undulatus, Fasciolaria, Fusus, 

 and a few other species. The surface is uneven and there 

 are mounds rising as high as 10 ft., in places. Hearths, 

 formed of circular collections of blackened travertine, are 

 scattered everywhere. Amongst these are burial mounds, 

 many of which have recently been exposed, and long bones, 

 ribs, and hand and foot bones are plentiful. Owing to the 

 burials being in a sitting position the skulls have been first 

 •exposed and generally carried away. On digging down the 

 lower jaw is generally the first bone met with. The bones 

 are in a well-preserved condition and are evidently those of 

 primary burials; that is to say, they are not interments of 

 bones from tree burials such as one often finds in tumuli on 

 the lower Murray. In these the hand and foot bones are 

 frequently partly or wholly missing. The camp is of very old 

 date, and the extensive sand movements have sifted out the 

 shells and stones so that successive strata are probably mixed 

 and now rest on the hard pan. 



The main object of the visit was to see what stone remains 

 could be gathered. The stone implements of the Encounter 

 Bay natives were of a most primitive kind, made to use in 

 the camps and left there and not carried about. Those ex- 

 hibited show the principal forms met with. The most common 

 are the flat oval hammer stones which appear to have been used 

 for cracking cockles. In form they are light and easily 

 handled, and their edges show the marks of frequent percus- 

 sion. More rarely, one finds stout circular stones with a 

 well-marked depression on which cockles and Turbos were 

 placed to be cracked. Then there are rough hand axes, or 

 choppers, made by knocking flakes off a pebble of suitable size. 

 These are similar to those found in camps on the Victorian 

 ^oast, and of which I have specimens from Point Cook, near 

 Melbourne, where there is a similar extensive camp. 



Flat masses of granite are scattered about, brought from 

 the adjacent beach, and are always polished with use on the 

 upper-surface, while the lower is in the natural rough con- 

 dition. These, probably, were used for grinding ochre, of 

 which masses of the yellow and red varieties are met with. 

 Small highly-polished stones were probably used to grind with. 

 The search revealed no small chipped implements, but flakes of 

 quartz are everywhere. These are of such a size and shape 

 that they make excellent tools for opening the Donaoc, and 

 I suggest that this was the use they were put to. The quartz 

 must have been brought from some distant part, and Rosetta 

 Head seems to be the nearest place where it occurs in 



