CARBONICOLA, ANTHRACOMYA, AND NAIADITES. 



local. I adopt the table published by Professor B. Hull in his paper 1 ('Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc.,' vol. xxxiii, 1877, p. 615), as being the result of many years' 

 labour on the Carboniferous Series of Great Britain by the greatest authority on 

 the subject, and because I think the various stages proposed by him are well 

 marked out by their fossil contents ; and therefore they form the best scheme for 

 the comparison of the various horizons in different coal-fields. 



THE BEITISH CAEBONIFEBOUS SEEIES.2 



C 

 c3 



•J H 

 a 



W 



a 



an 



w 



Beds, in Descending Oedeb, with Localities 



Name of Formation. 



/STAGE G. Upper Coal-measures. — Eeddish and grey sand- 

 stones, breccias, and clays, with thin coal-seams and 

 limestones. 

 Fossils (fresh-water or estuarine). — Fish (migratory) ; 

 Crustacea, Leperditia inflata ; Annelids, Spirorbis 

 carbonarius. 3 



Localities. 

 Manchester, Stoke-on-Trent, 

 Newcastle-under-Lyne, south- 

 ern part of Dudley Coal-field ; 

 Banks of the Dee, near Eua- 

 bon ; Hamilton and Ayrshire, 

 in Scotland. 



STAGE F. Middle Coal-measures. — Yellowish sandstones, 



clays, and shales, with thick coals. 

 Fossils (fresh-water or estuarine). — Fish (migratory) ; 



Molluscs, Anthracosia (Carbonicola), Anthracomya ; 



Crustacea, Beyrichia, Estheria ; Annelids, Spirorbis. 



Marine species rare. 



f STAGE E. Gannister Beds (Phillips) or Lower Coal- 

 measures. — Flagstones, shales, and thin coals, with 

 hard siliceous floors (Gannister). 

 Fossils (Marine). — Fish similar to those above (migra- 

 tory) ; Molluscs, Ooniatites, Diseites, Orthoceras, 

 Posidonia (sic), Monotis, Aviculopecten, Anthracosia 

 (Carbonicola), Lingula, &c. 



1 STAGED. Millstone-grit Series. — Coarse grits, flagstones, 

 and shales, with a few thin coal-seams. 

 Fossils (Marine). — Similar to those of the Lower Coal- 

 measures. 



Central portions of all the coal- 

 fields of England and "Wales ; 

 Upper Coal-measures of Scot- 

 land. 



South Lancashire, North Staf- 

 fordshire, North Wales, and 

 South Wales. 



Uplands of Yorkshire, Lanca- 

 shire, and Derbyshire, North 

 Staffordshire, North and 

 South Wales, &c. 



STAGE C. Yoredale Series. — Shales and grits, passing Uplands and valleys of Lanca- 



downwards into dark shales and earthy limestones. 

 Fossils (Marine). — Including Ooniatites, Aviculopecten, 

 Ctenodonta, Chonetes, Discina, Posidonomya, Bro- 

 ductus, &c. 



shire, Yorkshire, and Derby- 

 shire, North Staffordshire, 

 "Wales, &c. 



1 " On the Upper Limit of the essentially Marine Beds of the Carboniferous Group of the 

 British Isles and adjoining Continental Districts ; with Suggestions for a Fresh Classification of the 

 Carboniferous Series." 



2 This table is inserted by the kind permission of Prof. Hull. 



3 The name Spirorbis pusillus is given in Etheridge's ' Catalogue of British Palaeozoic Fossils.' 



