12 B. B. JtEHEDIKHHl. H3CJI$flOBAHIH j^^ 0CM0TH1ECKHMH 



BemecTBi, KaKx> h3b-ectho, HacxojibKO HHqxoauia, qxo npBpaBHBBaexca oSbiKHOBeoeo Hyjuo, xoryja 

 Kani npoHHuaeMOCTt ajih r.Min,epHHa HaoGoport 6oAbine npoHHHaeMOCxen" KaKaxT>-jiH6o Apyraxi 

 BemecTBi (de-Vries, IX). npoHBnaeMoexb njiasMaxnqecKOH nepenoeKH A-na BemecTBt, pacxBO- 

 peHBbix^ Bt coKy, 6y&eTb noaxoMy 3aHHiuaxb cpeAHee m-ecxo Meauy AByma Ha3BaHHbiMa npoHH- 

 n,aeMOCTHMH. TaKHM^ oopa30MT> npn iuia3MO.!i03'E caxapomi Mbi acuhhu Ha6jiK>Aaxb yMeH&meirie 

 o6xe»ia npoTonjiacia upn yBejiaqeeiH xeMnepaxypbi a Hao6opoxx> (cm. dp. 11: I, 2 h II, 1), 

 TorAa KaKij npn njia3M0JiH3 , B onuepHHOMi HyjKeo acAaxb yBejiaqeme oo^esia npoxonjiacxa npn 

 yBeJinqeHin xeMnepaxypbi a HaoGoporb (cm. I, 1 h II, 2). 



flp chxtj nopx> mw npeAnojarajm, qxo rmrEaeHie xeMnepaxypbi BJiiaexT, xcibKo Ha npo- 

 BHn,aeM0CTb DJia3MaTHqecKaro MtuiKa, Ha cawowb abxe ona BJiiaex'b xaaace h Ha cxeneeb 

 ajeKxpojiHxnqecKOH AHCCouianJH a bt> BbipajKeHin a-Jb P Ba cxp. 10; xoxa axo BJiiaHie h 

 He3HaqnxeJibH0 (npn yBejinqema xeMnepaxypbi Ha 1° C. a n3MtaaexcH Ha 0,03% — 0,1% 

 CBoen BeJiH4HHbi, cm. Arrhenius, p. 99 a 100), OAHaKO ero Bejib3H BraopBpoBaxb coBep- 

 ineHHO bt> ocoSeHHocxn bt> HauieMi. cjiyqai, tab njia3MOJin3npyiomeB atBAKOcxbio HBJiaexca 

 pacxBopT> ue3JieKxpojinxa. He 3Haa KaqecxBenuaro cocxaBa BeniecxB-b, pacxBopeanbixx bt> cony, 

 Hejb3fl noHHXHO xo^ho Bbiqncjinxb BeMqHBy Ha3BaHHaro Bjunma n Aaate HaBipaoe CKa3axb 

 6yAexx>-JiH BejiaiHEa a ct> yBeJinqeaieM'b xeMnepaxypbi yMeiibinaxbca bjib yBeJiaqnBaxbca, OAnaKO 

 MaKcnMajbHyw Bejinqnuy oiun6Kii npn ycxaHOBJieHia H3M-biieHia oS^eaia npoxonjiacxa BOitACXBie 

 HSM-BHeHia xeMnepaxypbi mojkho npH6jiH3HxejibHO ycxanoBnxb. HaBSojbiuee H3MiHeBie npn 

 Harp^BaHiH ct> 18° C. ao 52 C. npexepn-EBaex'b cxeneHb AaccoHian,ia KGl (Arrhenius. 1. c), 

 npn qeMi npoHcxoAaix> yMeabuieBie nocxEABea noqxn Ha 3%. Bt> mohxh onbixaxi, H3MiHeHie 

 xeMnepaxypbi He npeBbiuiajio 20° C, x. e. MancBMajibHoe H3MtHeHie a Mor.no 6"bixb okojio l,7°/ , 

 MaKCHMa^bHoe ate yMeHbiaenie BejiaqaBbi [1 -t-{n — l)a] 6buo-6bi okojio 1%, ecjin-6bi KJii- 

 xoqHbifi cob"b coAepataxb Kb pacxBopt xojibKO KGl. Ho Kb KjrExoqHOM'b coKy cnaporapbi 

 npeoSjiaAaioxX), noBHABMOMy, oprannqeciua coeABHeeia, aBJiaiomieca upoA)'KxaMH accuMBJiaaia, 

 HOKa3biBaioni,ia yBeJiBqeBic a npn iiOBbiiuenin xeMnepaxypbi; xanHM^ o6pa30Mi> apa ycxa- 

 HOBJieniH o6x>eMa npoxonjiacxa MaKCBMajibHaa ouiBSKa bi> cjitAcxBin BSM^HeHia cxeneHH 

 9JieKxpoji0XBqecKOH AHCcon,ian,iH KJiixaqHaro co-Ka bo bcbkomi cjiyqai Meubine 1% h Moa;exx 

 CA^-iaxbca coBepmenHO BHqxoH^Hon, 6jiaroAapa npncyxcxBiio bx nocitAHeM^ He 9-ieKxpo- 



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06paxHMca xenepb kt> onbixHbiMt AauHbiMi). 



06teKxaMH bt> mohxt> onbiiaxi cJiymnjiH 3 xomho He onpeA'fe.ieHHbie BHAbi cnnpompbi. 



nepeMtHa xeMnepaxypbi Aocxnrajiacb npn uomouab cxeK.uaHHOH boahhoh 6aHH (ch uo- 

 cxoaHHbiMt apnxoKOM'b h oixokomt> Harpixofi hjih oxjiaasAeHHofi BOAbi), npoqHO npaKpinjieBBOH 

 Kb noABHHiHOMy cxojihkv MHKpocKona. KopoxKoe npeAMexHoe cxeKio BKjaAbiBajiocb btj oyooKyK) 

 cxeKJiauHyio qaiuny, BcxaBJiaBmyioca bi 6aHW,- n npHjrfcnjiajiocb Kb ea AHy bockomtd hjih cwpry- 

 qoMx. nocjit ouycKaHia xpySbi MBKpocKona npoMemyxKH MeatAy nocjiiAaeH a qaoiKOH 3aKJia- 

 AbiBajincb xojicxbiMi) cjioeMi Baxbi. TeMnepaxypa KaKi> bi boabhoh 6aHH xaKT> n bo BHyxpeBHea 

 qauiKi onpeA'BJiajiacb OAHOBpeMeuHO kopoxkbmb xepMOMexpaMB (pa3UHaa noKa3aHia 6biia 



