20 B. B. JIEnEEIKHHT.. H3CJTIiA0BAHI,H HA/l,T> OCMOTfl'lECKHMH 



jiOHKy kjtetokt. A TaKT KaKT njasiwaTHqecKaa nepenonna nooiBAnnxT 6ojiie hjih meHie npo- 

 uHnaeivia &jih BemecTBT KJiivroHHaro cona, to pacTBopT, Hacbiuiaioiiiin ctbhkh kjibtokt, oyAeTT 

 co,a,ep}KaTb bt ce6£ nocjfe ycraeoBjenifi noABnatHoro ocMOTnnecKaro paBiiOBicia 6o.nbme ocmo- 

 TH^ecKn xb^CTByiouxvixTa BemecTBT q^Mt ainAKOCTb, coAepatamaflcn bt KcnjieMf. hjih Hapyat- 

 homt pacTBop'fe. TaKnMT o6pa30MT> Typropnoe AaBJienie kjjbtokt 6yAeTT Hna<e hImt to, 

 KOTopoe cooTBiTCTByerL KOHu,eHTpauin hxt coKa h pacTBopy bt KcnjieMi hjih CHapyatn pacTe- 

 ma. Bt qacTHOMi) cjiynai; Bejinqmia 3Toro AaBJieiiiH 6yAen> 3aBncBTb ott npoHnuaeiuocTn 

 iuia3MaTnqecK0H nepenoiiKH, cocTaBa KJitToqoaro cona, Bejin^nHbi MeajKJiiTHnKOBT h t. n. 



3. OcMOTMHecKoe AaBJieHie KJitTOtrb 6oraTbixi njia3MaTH4ecKMMT> co/j,epmnMbmii. 



Eme n*e*<i>epT. yKasajiT Ha to, mo ocMOTHiecKoe AaBJienie He Heo6xoAHMO cBfmno 

 ct cymecTBOBaaieMi BaKyojiefi (Pfeffer, XII, p. 33). ,3,incTBHTej)bH0 mm moaceMT Boo6pa3HTb 

 ce6i bt kji-etk-e h 6e3i Banyojieii npnc3'TCTBie n3BECTnaro ociMOTnqecKaro AaBJienin, AOCTa- 

 Bjmeiwaro Bem,ecTBaMH, pacTBopenHbiiun bt boat;, Hacbimawmeii mra3My. IIoAoSnoe AaBJieHie 

 Moaten cymecTBOBaTb oneBHAno h bt n.ua3M'E, coAepacamen BaKyojin; OAHano bt nocjiiAHeiwT 

 cjiy^at oho He nrnterb 3Haqema am TypropHaro AaBJieuin, TaKT KaKT HanpaBJieno Kant kt. 

 nepn^epin kjj'Etkh, TaKT n kt ueiiTpy BaKyojin (Pfeffer, IX, p. 293). Mh-b npnAeTca B03Bpa- 

 THTbca ein,e pa3T kt 3T0iuy Bonpocy bt otatjit; AaBJienia pa36yxaHia, Tenepb >Ke n ocTa- 

 HOBJiwcb na ocMOTH^ecKOMij AaBJieBin njia3Mbi kjibtokt, lie coAepmaiuHXT. BanyojieH. 



IlpeatAe Bcero TaKoe AaBJienie MoaceTT o6pa30BaTbca moAhno ez pa36yxawiu,uxi otce.iamu- 

 H03HUXZ Hacmaxz npomon/iacma t. e. rjiaBHbiMT o6pa30MT bt MeTonjia3ME, hotomv *ito atnAKia 

 ero qacTH He CMBuiHBaiOTcn ct boaoh h npn coiipnKOCHOBeHin ct nocjiiAHeio bt hhxt> lie Moacerr 

 o6pa30BaTbca imKaKoro ocuiOTnqecKaro AaBJieHin 6e3T Banyojieii, KaKT h bo bchkoh noAo6Hon 

 aiHAKOCTH. ,3,-feio bt tomt, ito ocMoraqecKoe AaBJienie Moaterr B03HHKHyTb .inuib b-l pacTBopfe, 

 OTA'feJieHHOMt iiojiynpoHHu,aeMOH uepenoHKon, otx Toro-ate caMaro pacTBopnTe.ia. Ecjih, Hanp. 

 bt. 6en30Ji r t pacTBopeuo KaKoe-iiHOyAb Bem,ecTBo, to b^ iieMt BOsnnKHeTi ocMOTnqecKoe AaB.ie- 

 Hie jiHHib npn conpHKOCHOBeniH ex SeHso.ioMTj, a iin bt, naKOMi> cjyqat ne npn conpiiKocHOBeHin 

 et boaok): ocMOTHnecKoe AaBJieHie o6ycjioBJinBaeTca BxoacAenicMT> pacTBopnTejia bt> Ty cpeAy, 

 rAt pa3BHBaeTca AaBieme (Ostwald, p. 661, 673). TaKHMB o5pa30M'L bt> npoTonjiasMeHHOM-L 

 pacTBopt KaKHXTb-HnSyAb Bem,ecTBT> ue MoaceTT. B03imKnyTb ocMOTimecKaro AaBJieHia npn 

 conpHKOCHOBeHin ct> boaoh n iubi woateM^ roBopmb TO.ibKO o AaB.ieuin a^e.iaTnno3BbiXT, nacTen 

 njia3MBi, CAepacnBawmnxT, BOAy h pacTBopenHbin bt. Hen BeuiecTBa wexaHnqecKH. 4T0-6bi 

 cyAHTb o6 r L 3tomt> AaBJienin, o6paTHMca CHaiajia Kh pascMOTpiniio ocMOTnqecKaro AaBJienin 



BT pa3JIHqHbIXT HCKyCCTBeHHblXT CTyAeHHXT). 



Bonpocb 06^ ocMOTnqecKOMT AaBjenin bb CTj'AeHHXT eme He 6bi.iT. ao chxt. nopi 

 hhr-emt 3aTpoHyTT>. H3B-ECTHO TOJibKO, ito AH4>*y3ia coBepuiaeTCH bt hhxtj nowH Tanate, KaKT 

 bt boa^ (Ostwald, p. 687); OTCioAa moacno saK.noHnib, ^to n ocMOTnqecKoe AaBJienie 6ya,eTT> 

 KaKT SA'fecb, TaKT h TaMT OAHnaKOBO. Hejib3H OAiiaKO na ocuoBauin 3tofo *aKTa npeACKa.3aTb 

 6yAeTT-jiH npoH3BeAeHie n3'b AaBJieHie Ha oStomt, 3aunMaeMbin pacTBopeHHbiMT Bem,ecTB0MT 



BT CTyAeHH, BeJIH^HHOH nOCTOHHHOH, KaKT BT BOA^. BonpOCT yCJJOH<HfleTCn KpOMt TOrO n TtMT, 



