26 



B. B. JIEHEinKHH'b. EdWb&OKkMSi HAAT> OCMOTH^ECKHMH 



6yAeTT> HtcKOibKO MeHbiae, npn Hamefi ToquocTn Moamo npuHHTb ero BnpoqeMT> paBHbWb 

 a x (H3CJi'EA0BaHiH Jlepxa — Lerch — noKasain, qTO noBepxHOCTHoe HaTaateHie Ha rpaHHaf, 

 AByxt atHAKOCTen cpaBHBrejibHO oqeHb Majio 03M'feHHeTca oti> pacTBopeHia bt> oahoh h3t> 

 hhxi cojien. Cm. TaKate pa6oTy Lenkewitz). TaKHMi> o6pa30MT> n,eHTpajibHoe AaBJieHie 



p = 3,5[ p- -+- -p h 1 ). Bt> npocxMraeMTj cjiyqai, KorAa KJitTKa raapoo6pa3ea, R 1 = R i , 



r 1 = r 2 h i 9r=7 (^-*-y)- Ilpn i? = 0,1 ao 0,001 mm. h r = 0,l ao 0,001 mm. (t. e. 

 AJia kji^tokx Han6oji'Ee qacTO BCTpiqawmnxca pa3M-BpoBT>) n,eHTpajibHoe AaBJieHie Koieo'JieTCH, 

 cjitAOBaTejibHo, Me>KAy 140 ao 14000 ,^"""^ p ' 2 = 0,014 ao 1,4 aTMOC*epbi ! ). 



Ecjih r (t e. paAiycb BaKyojra) AOCTaToqHO Majn>, to h npn CojibmoM-b pa3M-Ep-B kji-etkh 

 neHTpajibHoe AaBJieHie Ha BaKyojio MoateTi> 6biTb 3HaqnTejibHo; npn 3tomt> ecjin ocMOTHqecKoe 

 AaBJieHie 3aKJiK>qenHaro bi, Hen KJiiToqHaro cona MeHbme aeHTpajibHaro AaBJieHia, to, KaKi Ha 

 3to yKasaxb eme n*e#<i>ep'b (Pfeffer, IX), BaKyojia AOJiatHa ncqe3Hyn>. Bo bchkomx cjiyqai 

 HHKaKoe ocMOTnqecKoe AaBJieHie He cnaceTb BaKyojuo orb ncqesHOBenia npn AOCTaToqHO iuajioMT> 

 r, noTOMy q'ro npnr = 0, ueHTpajibHoe AaBJienie = oo. PacqHTaeMT> nppr6jiH3HTejibH0 mhhh- 

 MajibHyio BejiHqnHy BaKyojin, cymecTBOBame KOTopoS eme B03MoacBO bt> KJitTKt. 



/^onycTHM^, qTO bt> acHAKocTH, HanojiHaiomeH BaKyojiw, HaxoAHTca BemecTBO Han6ojif>e 

 jierKo pacTBopnMoe bt> boa's h Aawmee npa 3tomt> Hanoojibmee ocMOTHqecKoe AaBJieHie, Hanp. 

 NH 4 C1. HacbimeHHbifl pacTBop^ stoh cojih npn 20° C. coAepaurrb bt> 100 c. c. 29% cyxoro 

 BemecTBa h Aacrb ocMOTHqecKoe AaBJieHie = okojio 170 aTM0c*epi. TaKniai oSpasosn. Teope- 

 TnqecKH MHHHMajibHbiH pasiutp-b (AiaweTpx) BanyoJiH AOJiateH-b 6biTb 6ojibme 0,001 MHKpoHa, 

 qTO HaxoAHTca 3a npeA"fejioMT> Ha6jnoAeHia. Ho Aaace h npn o6biKHOBeHHOM^ AaBJieBin bt> kjistk£ 

 (MHHHMyiwb 3,5 aTMOc*epbi — Pfeffer XII p. 121) bo3mohho eme cymecTBOBame BaKyoJib, 

 He npeBoexoAflmnxT, pa3M r fepoM , b 0,1 MUKpona. TaKHMT> oCpasoMT) rnaoTe3a Broqjin otbocb- 

 TejibHo aqencTaro CTpoema njia3Mbi He npoTHBoptqHT'b yqeHiw o neHTpajibHOMi AaBJieHia. 



Tai^ KaK-b BaKyojia ajjh bo3mohkhoctb cBoero B03HHKHOBemH AOJiatHa cA"BJiaTbca cpa3y 

 6ojibme CBoero MHHHMajibHaro pa3wbpa (t. e. npn AaBJieHin bi kjibtk-b 170 aTM. 6ojibme 

 0,001 MHKpoHa, a npn AaBJieHia 3,5 aTM. 6ojibme 0,1 MHKpoHa), to o6pa30BaHie BaKyojiH bti 

 KJitrai B03MoatHO TOJibKo BOKpyri> TBepAaro Ttjia hjih nanjin HecMtraHBawmeHca ct> boaok) 

 acHAKOCTH pa3Mf>pa paBHaro MHHHMajibHOMy pasiwEpy BaKyojin. Ilo 3TOMy noBOAy HeBOJibHo npn- 

 noMHHaeTca rnnoTe.3a Ae-^pnsa o6pa30BaHia Banyojib npn noMomn TOHOHJiacTOBT, (de-Vries, 

 VII p. 469, 496 — 499). Ecjih mm bt> A^HCTBHTejibHocra BMfwiB-o'bi bt> njiasMi o6pa30BaHia, 

 cnemajitHO npeAHa3HaqeHHbia ajih B03HHKH0BeHia Banyojib, to ohh Morjin-6bi HMtTb SHaqeHie 

 TOJibKo noAoSHoe onncaHHOMy. 



nocMOTpHM-b, HacKOJJbKO OTpaa;aeTca H3Mf>HeHiH TeMnepaTypbi Ha Bejinqefffe aeHTpajibHaro 

 AaBJieHia. 



1) Ecjih 6bi mu npuHfljiii noBepxHOCTHoe HaTHweHie 

 nJiasMu paBEUM'b 2 waa 8, to n.eHTpaabHoe AaBJieaie 



6ujio 6hi paBHO 0,007 — 0,7 nan 0,028 — 2,8 aTM. 



