28 B. B. JIEOEniKHHT.. B3CJHJA0BABM EAA'b OCMOTHHECKHMH 



ocMOTnqecKoe AaBJieaie coKa, qepe3T> p c — ueeipajibHoe AaBJieHie, a qepe3T>^ up p — AaB-aeme 

 pa36yxama h ocMOTaqecKoe AaBJieHie acejiaTHH03Hbix'b qacTea DJia3Mbi, to Typropuoe AasjeHie 



P = P q -*~P P "*- b — (P g -+-P P -+-PJ] = Po —Pc- 



HTo6bi Harjuwuo npeACTBBHTb ceSt, noqeiuy nociit B03HHKH0BeBia Banyojin HHKaKoe 



AaBJieHie, acxoAam.ee b3t> njia3Mbi, He 6yneTh BJiiaTb ea TypropHoe AaBJieHie (t. e. He 6yAerb 



BXOAHTb cjiaraeMbiwb bt> ero BejiaqnHy), npeACTaBBMT> ce6t, q-ro Meauy KaKoro-Bo6yAb TaaiecTbio 



h qaiiiKoio BtcoBi noiwEmeHi hmbhjiptj b3t> m^ab b Bee Biwicrfe ypaBHOBiuieBO rBpaMB, 



nojioHteHHbiMH Ha Apyryio qainKy b-ecobt,. OqeBHAHO paBBOBfccie BtcoBi Be HapymaTca, ecjia 



UBJiBHitpt 3aM'feHHTb npyatHHOK) paBnaro eMy Btca. 3A"ECb pojib ocsioTBqecKaro AaBJieHia cona 



Hrpaerb TaacecTb, jieacamaa na Bfecax-b, pojib AaBJieaia, acxoAamaro b3t» njia3Mbi, — npyatnHa 



h, HaKOHe^^, pojib KJi-feToqHOB o6ojioqKH — qamna b1cobt>. 



HacKOJbKO mo/Kno cyABTb 031, Bbiine HBTapoBaHHaro Heacuaro MicTa pa6oTH ILi>e<i>- 

 4>epa, nocjrfeAHia npeAno.iarajn>, noBHABMOMy, qTO AaBJieaie pa36yxaHia, bxoah bt> qacio 

 cjiaraeMbixi> Typropaaro AaBJieHia, HanpaBJieHO tojibko bt> dopoHy npoTHBonojioatayK) ocmoth- 

 qecKomy AaBJieHiio KJiiToqHaro coKa. Ilocjit Bcero CKa3aHHaro neBtpHocTb TaKoro npeAnojio- 

 atenia amt KaaceTca oqeBHAHbiM'b. 



Bt> MOMeHTT. B03HHKHOBeHiH BaKyojin aJireopaBqecnafl cyMMa ueHTpa.ibnaro AaBJieHia n 

 ocMOTnqecKaro AaBJieHia KJitToqHaro coKa paBHa, KaK-b HeTpynuo BHAiTb, cyMM'fc AaBJieHia pa36y- 

 xaHia b ocMOTnqecKaro atejiaTHH03Hbix , b qacien BJia3Mbi, t. e. p g — P c =P q -*-p p - noc.rfc bo3- 

 HBKHOBeHia BaKyojiB, xoth nocjitAHifl b TepawTij 3Haqeme, OAHaKo BejinqaiiaTypropHaro AaBJienia 

 oqeHb 6jiH3na kt> (p a -*-p ), b mabKO do Mip-fe yBejinqeHia BaKyojin o6t Be.raqBHbi naqaHawrb 

 MeatAy co6ok> Bee 6ojite n Sojite pacxoAHTbca. TaKH»n> oopa30Mi> TypropHoe AaB.ieHie k.tetoki 



CT> HBqTOHtHbIMB BaKyOJIBMH (Hanp. He OTKpblBaeMblMH MHKpOCKOnOMl) MOatHO npHHBTb CT> 



H3BtcTHbiMT> npa6jiBateHieM'b paBHbiMx cyMM'fc AaBJieHiB pa36yxaHia b ocMOTnqecKaro njiasMbi. 



KaK"b B3BtcTH0, AaBJieHie pa36yxaHia yiuenbUjaeTCH co CTeneHbK) nacbimeum pasoyxaw- 

 iubxti qacTefi boaob b A^JiaeTCfl, HaKOHen,x, paBUbiMi HyjiK> (Pfeffer, XII, 62) npn nojiHOMT> 

 nxx HacbimeHin. IIo9TOMy AaJKe npB OTcyTCTBin Bah'yojieii, ec.iB pa36\ T xaK)uj,ia qacTH kji-btkb 

 yace nacbimeHbi boaob, AaBJieme pa36yxaHia He BXOAHTb bt^ BejaqBHy TypropHaro AaBjeHia. 



He Mory o6obtb MOJiqaHieMi BJiiaHia ocsioTHqecKB A'feficTByiomBX'b BemecTBT> Ba AaB.ienie 

 pa36yxaHia, a bmtxte cb t1;mt. b bo3mo»;hoctb nja3M0JiB3a KJitTOK^, He HMfetomBx-b Banyo-ieB. 

 OTHocBTejibHO nepBaro Mbi BMieM'b oqeHb o6cTOBTejibHoe B3CJitA0BaHie To^JieBCTepa 

 (Hofmeister, F.), npoB3BeAeuuoe HaAT> atejiaTHHOH. Pa3.inqHbin BemecTBa OKa3ajiBCb HeoAH- 

 HaKOBbiMH bt> CBoeMT> a^bctbIh Ha pa36yxaHie. Bt> pacTBopaxi caxapa Aaate 6ojbmBXT> koh- 

 n,eHTpan,iB atejiaTBHa pasSyxaen, noqTB b^ TaKOB-axe CTeneHB, KaKt kt> boa's (1. c. p. 223), 

 TorAa KaKi. bt. pacTBopaxT> pa3iBqHbixT> cojiea dTOTh npon,eccb hact^ ropa3AO aHeprnqate 

 (BHorAa noqTB bt,3 — 4 pa3a). b% KpinKax-b ate pacTBopaxi. LiCl 2 , MgCl 9 , CaCl 3 pa36yxaHie 

 HacTOJibKo CHJibHO, qTO ateJiaTHHa bch pacnjibiBaeTca (p. 212 — 217) 1 ). 4to pa36yxaHie bt. 



1) ToabKO bt. NaC' 2 H 3 2 pa36yxaHie wn. heckojii.ko MeHtme, ni;in> bt> boat; (1. c. p. 212). 



