32 B. B. JHEOEniKHHt. H3CJ*A0BAHIfl HAAT> 0CM0TH1ECKHMH 



HSiwBHeeifl ero ue MoryrL 0Ka3aTb dojibinoro BjiiaHia Ha BeiaqBHy TypropHaro AaBJieHia, upn 

 tohhocth oGbiKHOBeHHaro HSM-fepeeia nocjitAHflro. H3yqeHie ate TypropHaro AaBJiema kji£tokt>, 

 bt> KOToptixx neHTpajibHoe AaBJieHie AOCTHraen, omyTHMofi Bejimmibi, Kant Hanp. sto HMten. 

 m*ecto bt> 6aKTepiflST), He Morjio bxoahtb bt> 3aAaqn npeAJiaraeMofi padoTbi. 



B. OcMOTiwecKoe AaB/ienie HapywHaro pacTBopa. 



OcMOTnqecKoe AaBJieHie pacTBopa, HaxoAanjaroca CHapyatH njia3Mbi, t. e. Hacbimawmaro 

 oSojioqKy KjrfcTOK'b B-b SojibraHHCTBt cjiyqaeBT> mojrho nojiojKHTb paBHbuib ocMOTnqecKOMy 

 AaBJiemio oKpyajawmeS pacieHie jkhakocth hjih ocMOTHiecKOMy AaBJiemio ;khakocth, HanojiHaio- 

 m,en ApeBecBHy, ecjin BcaebiBame nponcxoAHTb H3i> nocjiBAHefi. Ilpn stomt. aBJiaeTca qacTO 



He06X0AHMbIMl BBeCTH HOnpaBKy, COOTB-BTCTByiOmyiO CKOpOCTH AB**y3in paCTBOpCHHblX'b 



Bein,ecTBi> bt> ocoSeHHOcra, ecjm KOHneHTpania sthxi JKHAKOden situaeTca n cjioh TKaHji, 

 pa3A'EJiaK)in,iH iwecto BcacbiBaHia h H3CJiBAyeMbia kji-etkh, niuierb oinyraTejibHyio TOJim,HHy. 

 nonaTHO bt> KaJKAOiwb OTA'EJibHOM'B cjiyqat Tanaa nonpaBKa AOJiacna HaxoABTbca npeABapnTejib- 



HblMTL OnblTOMl, XOTa 6bl Hanp. TaKHMT> 06pa30MT> KaKT) 3T0 A'EJiaeT'b HaTaHCOHT) B-b CBoefi. 



padoTB (Nathanson, IV, p. 405). Xoth nonpaBKa HBJiaeTca, Kant cKa3auo, HeoSxoAnMofi bb 

 cjiyqa'fe jraiwEHeHifl KOHqeHTpanin n cociaBa hchakocth, h3t> KOTopon nponcxoAnn. BcacbiBaHie, 

 OAHano h npn nocxoancTB-E nowi'EAHHX'b noAo6eaa nonpaBKa ABJiaeTca aeoGxoAHMOH, ecra 

 njiasMaTHiecKin MBmoKt H3CJi r EAyeMbix , i> kji-etok-l cnjibHO npoHnnaeMT> a^h BemecTBi pacTBO- 

 peHHbixi> bt. KJi'EToqHOM'b coKy (cm. dp. 19 — 20). Bo B36'£a<aHie BBeAeHia nonpaBOK'L Ha 

 CKopocTb AB««i>y3i0 pacTBopeHHbixi BemecTBi., a nojib30Ba.ica BT, onbuax-b, onncaHHuxx 

 bt> n. Ill, o6^eKTaMH, kjtetkh KOTopbiXT> Moryn nenocpeACTBeHHO conpnKacaTbca ex Hapyat- 

 HbiMi, pacTBopoM^. Taiux-ate ta^ H3CJi-EAOBa.iocb TypropHoe AaB-ienie TKanen mojkho 6biJio 

 yAOBjeTBopHTbca OTHOCHTejibHbiMH Bejin^HHaMH TypropHaro AaBieHia. 



/^jia onpeA"BJieHia BejinqnHbi oc&ioTHqecKaro AaBJieda oKpyatatomefi KJiBTKy hchakocth 

 Majio 3HaTb TeiunepaTypy ea, xnMHqecKin cocTaBi n KOHnenTpaniio BemecTBij bt> Hen pacTBO- 

 peHHbixT>, neo6xoAHMo em,e, KaKT> 6biJio yKa3ano bt> rjiaBB I, 3eaTb 4>aKTopbi npoHnnaeMOCTH 

 njia3MaTnqecKaro Minma nsdrBAyeMbix-b KJiiTOKi ^Jin 3thxx BemecTBi, t. e. BejnqHHbi p. bt> 

 Bbipaatemaxi. P=P (l — p), tab P — ocMOTHqecKoe AaBicnie bt> npeAnojoaceHin a6co- 

 jiiothoh nojrynpoHnnaeMOCTH nepenoHKn, a P — ncTHHHoe ocMoraqecKoe AaBJieHie. 



Ecjih bcb nepeqncjieHHbia BejinqnHbi H3BtcTHbi, to ocMoraqecKoe AaBJieHie OKpyasaiomaro 

 pacTBopa 6yji,eTb paBHO cyMM-fe ocMOTnqecKHxx AaBjieHifi KaacAaro h3t> pacTBopeHHbixi 

 Bem.ecTB'B. IIocji'BAHia ate onpeABJiaTca no •sopMyjiaai'L : 



1) P = RCT [1 -h (n — 1) a] (1 — pi) (AppeHiyci.) ui 



2) P = 4,56 Tlg£(l—p) (Ba HT x-ro«.«>%), r^t 



B — raBOBaa nocToaHHaa = 0,0821, G — KOHneHTpania AaHHaro BemecTBa b^ hhakoctb, 

 BbipaaceHHaa BT3 rp.-MOJi. Ha .iHTp-b pacTBopa, T— aScojnoTnaa TemnepaTypa hihakoctb, n — 



