CBOHCTBAMH H TyprOPOMt PACTHTEJiLHHX'B KJI'BTOK'B. 



33 



qnano ioHOB-b, a — CTeneHb 3-ieKTpoJinTnqecKOH Anccou,ian,m, p — ynpyrocTb napoB-b boam npn 

 TeMneparypfe T, p — ynpyrocTb napoBi padBopa AaHHaro BemecTBa KOHueHTpaniii Cn jjl — 

 <E>aKTopT> nponnn,aeMOCTn njia3MaTHqecKon nepenoHKH ps BemecrB-b pacTBopeHHbix'b. Ocmo- 

 raqecKoe AaBJietiie 6yAeTh BbipaaceFio, crfeAOBaTejibHo, Bii aTMOCtepaxi,. 



BejiHqHHti Ch T HSJitpaioTca HenocpeACTBeeHO, a — HaxoAHTcn h3t> Bejuiqnmb sjiempo- 

 npoBOAHOcra (Kohlrausch). JI^h onpeA'EJieHifl we Bcnnqinibi p mojkho nojib30BaTbca Ta6jn- 

 Hasm ^HTepaqn (Dieterici), AaHHbiMH 0AnaK0 mibKo a-hh H'EKOTopbix'b BemecTB-b : NaCl, 

 CaCl 2 , caxapa, rjinuepHHa h MoqeBnnbi; mcjii,noB8Lmn na3BaHHaro aBTopa othochtch npn stomtj 



kt> 0°, ho cl HeSojibmoii norp-fcaiHocTbio mojkho npnesTb oTHOineHie —, nocTOflHHbiM-b bt> npe- 



A'BJiaxi, TeninepaTypiD 0° — 30° C, TorAa p — 4,569 mm. Ecjih BTopon *opMyjiOH mojkho 

 nojb30BaTbCfl TaKHMi) o6pa30M , b h He hjir BCHKaro BemecTBa, to cb Apyroft cTopoubi otia Aaerb 

 HecpaBHeHHO 6ojrEe ToqHbie pe3yjibTaTbi bt> oco5eHaocTH npn o'ojibuinx'b KOHHenTpan.iHX'b (Hanp. 

 Aaace npn 50°/ caxapnoMT, pacxBop-fe omn6Ka MeH-fee l°/ , cm. Nernst, p. 160 — 161) x ). 



Hto Kacaercfl onpeAfaema taKTopa npoHHnaeMOCTH njia3MaTnqecKofi nepenoHKH ajih 

 BemecTBi, pacTBopeHHbix'b bi napyiKHon jkhakocth [x, to mojkho bt> 3tomt> OTHomemn pa3JinqaTb 

 ABa cnyqan. Bo nepBbixi, eoin HyatHO 3HaTb He a6co.wrHyio, a OTuocHTejibHyEo Bejia^HHy 

 3Toro *aKTopa, Hanp., KorAa Heo6xoAHMo ptinnTb, yBejinqmiacb hjih yMeHbniHjacb BejinqHHa y. 

 h bo CKOJbKO pa3^. 3HaHie OTHOCHTejibHofi BejnqHHbi $aKTopa npoHHHaemocTH no3BOJHTL 

 cyAHTb TOJibKO o KaqecTBeHHOMiD HSMiHeniH ocMOTHqecnaro AaBJiemH. Bo btopomt> cjiyqai, 

 HanpoTHBX Toro, Heo6xoA0MbiMi npeACTaBJaeTca 3imTb TaKJKe H' a6cojnoTHyK) BejinqHHy 

 *aKTopa npoHHuaeMOCTH, qTOObi cyAHTb o tomtd, HacuojibKO cnjibHO H3M r feuHJiocb ocMOTHqecKoe 

 AaBienie pacTBopa BCJif>ACTBie H3M"BHeeifl npoHHHaeMOCTH. Bx nepBOM'b cjiyqat bm-ecto BejH- 



qHHbi u. mojkho onpeA'BJiflTb BejnqHHy en nponopniaHajbHyio ■ p . = 3 (cm. CTp. 9 h 10, 



a TaKJKe im-h n,HTnpoBaHHbin paSoTbi), rufb p — KOJinqecTBo BemecTBa npoxoAflmaro npn 

 ocmo3-b qepe3i, eAHHnuy noBepxHocTH njra3iiaTHqecK0H nepenoHKH b^ eAHHnuy BpeMenn (mbi 

 6yAeMi> BbipaacaTb 3Ty BejinqnHy bt> rp.-MOJi. qepe3i 1 KBaAp. caHTHM. bi oahht> qaci.), a 

 Cj — c 2 — pa3H0CTb KOHHeHTpaain 3Toro BemecTBa bt> pacTBopax-b no oSt CTopoHbi nepe- 

 hohkb. OTHomeHie ^, nocTOHHHoe A-ia oahoh h Ton-ate nepenoHKH npn paBHbix"b ycjiOBiflXTD, Mbi 

 6yAeMi> Ha3biBaTb, Kain> sto 6biJio CA'BJiaHo mhow paHbuie (cm. mow pyccKyio paSo-ry, CTp. 

 28 — 29, TaM^ 3to OTHomeHie 6buo o6o3HaqeHO 6j'kboh a), npoHnaaeMOCTbto iuia3MaTnqecKOH 

 nepenoiiKH a-ih AaHHaro BemecTBa. Hto KacaeTCH onpeA^JieHifl a6coJiK)THOH BejinqnHbi *aKTopa 



1) HHor^a npe^cTaBaHeTCfl 6oa-fee y^odHbiMTj h cko- 

 ptiMi onpeA^JiflTB bhjihhhhm ocMOTHwecKaro ^aBJieHia 

 BapywBoB »hakocth bt> npeAnojioKeflia a6cnjiK)THn{i 

 noJiynpommaeMOCTH (pi = 0) Kpioci<onHHecKHM'b MeTOAowB 

 (sanp. TaKHM-b nyTeMT> Nathanson onpeA'fejiHji-b ocmoth- 

 necKoe aaBJieBie MopcKofi boah, II, p. 250). B-b TaKniii, 

 CJiynat ocMOTHHecKoe AaBJieaie oupeA"EJinTca no <i>opMyji'B 

 ^ 1000 Sat ' . 



= 94 25 TO a ™' ( Nernst > P- 143 )' rA ' £ AJla B °AHbixi> 



3an. $B3.-MaT. Ot^. 



pocTBopoB'B s = 1, w =; 80, T° = 273, at — ecrt dobh- 

 *eBie totkh 3aMep3aHifl. Mh^ bt» cbohxt> ouuT&x-b ae 

 6bino Beo6xnAHMOCTH npHdtraTt kt> TaKOMy apieMy. 



Ecjih BapywHaa >KHAKOCTb — HCKptuKifi paciBopi, 

 caxapa, to mowho Bhiqwi-jiaTb ea ocMOTMMecK'>e AaBJieaie 

 npa nosiomH yapomeHHofi *opnyjibi P = n 0.69 aTM., 

 rAt n upon,eHTHoe coAepwaHie caxapa (Pfeffer, XII, 

 p. 128). 



