50 B. B. JIEnEmKHHT). H3CJI'BAOBABIfl HAflt OCMOTHMECKHMH 



1. n^a3MO^MTMHeCKJM MeTOAt. 



ConiacHO njia3M0JiHTnqecK0My MeTOAy ofibiKHOBeHHO hphhhto cwraTi. KJi'feToqHbJH cokt> 

 H30T0HHqHtiMi TaKOMy pacxBopy KaKoro-HH6yAb BemecTBa, KOTopbin Bbi3biBaeTL eaBa saM-fcT- 

 Hbie cjit^bi njia3M0JiH3a kxetkh. OAHaKo TaKoS pacTBop-b, KaK-t Ha to yKa3ajii eme II<f>e*- 

 *ept, He CTporo H3OTOH0qeHT> KJiiTO^HOMy cony. 06'hewh KJiiTKH npn nja3MOJi03f>, Kani 

 hsbIxtho, yMenboiaeTCfl n bt> cjiyqai; 6ojibinoro TypropHaro HaTaateHia o6oJioqKH (Hanp. y 

 Pilobolus, cm. moh) pyccKyw pa6oTy, cip. 21) oSxeiw^ eABa HaHBHaromen n.ia3MOJiH3Hpo- 



BaTbCfl KXETKH MOJKeTt HHOTAa 6blTb BABOe MeHblUe 06teMa TO0-ate KJTETKH BT> HOpMaJIbHOMl 



cocroHHin. KpoMi Toro bt> kxetke HM-feeTca em,e, KaKi mbi 3Hae»n> nearpajibHoe AaBJieHie, 

 noaTOMy ocMOTmecKoe AaBJieHie KXETOiHaro cona AOJiatHO 6biTb afecKOJibKO 6ojibine aaBJieeia 

 HapyatHaro pacTBopa. Ecjih neHTpajibiibiM-b AaBjjeHieMT> 6jiaroAapa ero MaJiocTH mojkho oobik- 

 HOBeHHO npHHe6peraTb (cm. rx I, cTp. 26), to nonpaBKy Ha yMeHbineHie ofrteMa kjtbtkh 

 HHKorAa He cxfeAyeTi oeraBJiaTb 6"e3T> BHHMaHin. ^ajiie Heo6xoA0MO TaKace BBOAHTb nonpaBKn 

 Ha 3HAOCM03T3 njia3MOJi03npyioiii,aro BemecTBa, 3K30Cmo3t> h HOBOo6pa30Banie BemecTBT> kji-e- 

 TO^Haro cona BTeqeHie BpemetiH, npoTeKawmaro ao MOMeHTa ycraHOBJieHia ocMOTHqecKaro 

 paBHOB-Bcifl. npn HJia3MOJiH3t BemecTBaMH, jierKO nponHKaK)uj,HMH iepe3T> njia3MaTHqecKia 

 nepenoHKH (Hanp. rjranepHHOivn,, momcbbhob), nonpaBKa Ha 3haocmo3t> MoaterL 6biTb oieHb 

 cymecTBeHHofi ; nonpaBKa Ha 3K3ocmo3t> BemecTBt, pacTBopeHHbix'L bt> KJitTOiHOMt cony, 

 Moacen HHorAa AOCTiraTb Tanace 3Haq0Tejibiio0 BejinqHHbi (cm. Hnace). Bt na>KAOMT> OTAtJib- 

 HOMt cjiyqat noAoSHbifl nonpaBKH AOJiatHbi, caMO co6ok> pa3yMteica, HaxoAHTbca onbiTHbiMt 

 nyTenix: 03T> HaoiroAeHia H3MieeHiH *nrypbi njia3M0JiH3a npn AOJiroBpeMeHHOMi npeSbiBaHin 



KJI'ETOK'fc BT> II.!ia3M0Jin3HpyH)UJ,nX^ paCTBOpaX-b pa31HqHblXT) BemecTBi. 



BBeAeHie Bcixt nepeqHCJieHHbix-L nonpaBOK'b nosBOJiHrc. H3T> ocMOTHqecKaro AaBJieHia 

 njia3MOJ)H3npyioin,aro pacTBopa BbiqncjinTb 6ojcBe njin Mente to^ho h BejinqHHy ocMOTHqecnaro 

 AaBJieHia coKa kji^tkh, HaxoAHinenca bt> ecTecTBeHHbixt ycnoBiaxt. 



KaKi. He OAHonpaTHO yate ynoMHHajiocb, bcb 03CJrBAOBaTeJiH nrHopnpoBajin ao chxi nopi 

 BJiiflHie npoHnnaeMOCTH HJiasMaTnqecKOH nepenoHKH Ha ocMOTRqecnoe AaBJieHie; nosTOMy npa 

 BbisncieHin ocwoTHsecKaro AaBJieHia KjrEToqHaro cona o6pam,ajiH BUHMaHie TOJbKO Ha KOHn,eH- 

 TpaniK) njia3MOJiH3HpyK)maro BemecTBa bt> HapyatHofi acRAKOCTn, coBepmeHHO ue HHTepecyacb 

 tbmt>, nacKOJibKo cnjibHo njia3MaTH4ecKaa uepenouKa npoHnnaeMa ajih 3Toro BemecTBa. llocjitA- 

 Hee npHBOAHJio, caMO co6oio pa3yMteTca kt> HeBipHbiMi> BejmquHaM't ocMOTnqecKaro AaBJieHia 

 HapyatHaro pacTBopa, a cJitAOBaTejibHO h KJBToqHaro cona h 3acTaBJia^o aBTopoBT> BbiCKa3bi- 

 BaTb HHorAa coBepmeHHO HeB-fepoHTHbia npeAnojoacema (cm. tji. III). Ilpn npHM-feHeHin n^a3MO- 

 jiHTHqecKaro MeTo^a HHKorAa He cjitAyeTi nosTomy 3a6biBaTb, hto kj'Btkh, njia3M0JH3HpyK>- 

 m,iaca cb paBHofi cbjioh oahhmt> h TtMi-ate pacTBopoMi. woryTi HMf>Tb BMicTB ci, tbmi 

 pa3Hoe ocMOTHHecKoe AaBJieHie KJitTo^Haro cona h Hao6opoTX. 



H3T> TOJbKO-HTO CKa3aHHaro cji-BAveTt, qTO TOJibKo npn njia3MOjra3'E BemecTBaMH. Majio 

 npoHHnaeMbiMn AJia njia3MaTnqecKOH nepenoHKH (Hanp. caxapoMt) moh<ho ct> e-feKOTopbiM't 

 npH6jiHaceHieMT> AOBOJibCTBOBaTbca onpeAiJieHienii oahoh KOHneHTpanin njia3MOJin3npyK)niaro 



