C. A, White—The Genus Pyrgulifera Meek. 279 
species, P. humerosa, in the Upper Cretaceous fresh-water de- 
mata and M. lyra of Matheron, and the Turbo acinosus of Zekeli, 
all from the Upper Cretaceous of Europe, to Pyrgulifera. Thus, 
according to Dr. Tausch, there are twelve known species of this 
genus, nine fossil and three living ; the latter in Africa exclu- 
sively ; the type-species only, in North America; and nine in 
urope, including the identified type-species there. 
Some doubt may be naturally felt as to the genuineness of the 
Hae olan of Pyrgulifera pee the living African fauna, 
well as that of P. humerosa in the Hungarian Upper Creta- 
pay but the identification of both seems to be as complete 
as such determinations can usually be made by means of the 
shells alone. If it is permissible to establish genera and species 
among fossil shells at all, we are entitled to hold those genera 
and species against an ything except proof of error in diagnosis. 
Admitting these identifications to be correct, the Sab th 
distribution and chronological range of these shells are qui 
markable. They appear to have all been denizens of fa or 
at most, brackish waters, the geographical range of the faunas 
of which seems necessarily to be more restricted than that of 
marine faunas may be. ‘Their distribution is all the more re- 
ere me if Dr. Tausch’s identification of Pyrquiifera humerosa 
Similar, I hive already mentioned the close aires skwos 
Gontobasis Cleburni of the Laramie Group, and Melania (Sermyla) 
admirabilis of the Tanganyika fauna. Dr. Tausch also calls at- 
tention to the existence of Fascinella Stache in the Upper Creta- 
ceous of Hungary, and shows that the Hungarian fossil shell is 
closely like the one living in Lake Eicon ied hag Smith has 
described under the name of Syrnolopsis ! 
Be th pe pried dias a hg a its branchifer- 
not extend into the ispecace ortion of the Laramie eae 
The cause of this marked ii ifference between the faunas of 
the two espe of the Laramie ep | I suppose to have been 
connected with their origin and development in two separate 
byduaeescheg gree which sehabte existed contemporane- 
