— 
J. Croll_—Aretic Interglacial Periods. 309 
remarks M. Saporta, proves very clearly that, notwithstanding 
the variations due to latitude, Kurope, from the Mediterranean 
to its central districts, offered fewer contrasts, and was more 
clement, allowed the Acer pseudo-platanus and the fig to live 
hyzena, _The Acer grows with difficulty now where the Ficus 
stows wild, while the latter has to be protected in winter in the 
latitude of Paris.” * 
qually conclusive is the testimony borne by the Mollusca 
of the tufas. In the tufas and marls of Moret, in the valley o 
the Seine, thi 
of these must have lived in damp and shady places, in the 
The evidence furnished by the animals found most abundant- 
ly With the Mammoth in Europe and Siberia, Mr. Howorth 
thinks, points to the same conclusion as that of the plants and 
Mollusea, 
The same mild and equable condition which allowed of the 
Mammoth living in Northern Siberia during Pleistocene times 
thus equally prevailed over the whole of Europe. e have seen 
that, according to the Physical theory, this condition of climate 
Was in every respect precisely what it ought to have been on 
the Supposition that it was interglacial. It was a condition 
mild, equable, uniform, humid, and of a higher mean annual 
temperature than we have at the present day. There is, how- 
ever, direct and positive evidence that this condition of climate 
Was interglacial; for the facts both of geology and of paleontol- 
al show that it was preceded and succeeded by a state of things 
4 wholly opposite character. 
The prs Glacial as well as Interglacial— Although the — 
Mammoth could have lived in Arctic Siberia only during an in- 
terglacial period, it does not follow that it must have perished 
uring the succeeding glacial period. When the cold came on, 
and the vegetation oe Sich it subsisted began to mee: Me 
re ' 
* Geol. Mag., June, 1881, 
