Botany and Loology. 345 
The succession of geographical changes was then as follows. 
Before the close of the Jurassic—as Jurassic and Triassic rocks, 
separation from Australia took place, and in the Upper Creta- 
ceous New Zealand was smaller than now. ut in the Eocene it 
spread out again, as above remarked, and plants and animals 
Were received from the north and south; and again in the Plio- 
cene, when immigration from the south took place. Then fol- 
lowed a sinking below the present level, to be elevated to its 
Present level again during the Quaternary. 
. But the more the geology and paleontology of large geogra- 
phical regions, like North America or Europe, are studied, the 
More clearly we see that subterranean movements have affected 
large regions simultaneously, or nearly simultaneously, and that 
the local deviations from uniformity are comparatively small. So 
it Comes about that we have in each large geographical area a 
Series of rock systems which are nearly synchronous over the 
distant areas, I think that our knowledge of the paleontology 
of Australasia is already sufticient to show that we have here also 
another of those large geographical areas which, when viewed on 
tock-systems of New Zealand can be correlated with those of 
Australia, and perhaps, in the earlier periods, with those of the 
Peninsula of India,” 
. * cd * * * 
Our fauna and flora is indeed a standing protest against the 
Views of those naturalists who would make the winds scatter 
abroad insects and seeds of plants over hundreds of miles, and 
Who imagine land-shells and lizards to float about on logs for days 
and weeks together without being killed.” : : 
With regard to the Glacial era of the South Pacific, Captain 
Again, 
They indicate a 
he 
Warmer climate than the present. Another later series is t 
Wanganui system” containing 70 to 90 per cent of living spe- 
