396 OC. Whittlesey—Pre-Glacial Channel of Eagle River. 
direction to that of the west bank, in the expectation constantly 
of striking the vein. It kept the wall on the left hand for a 
distance of 108 feet, no rock being found on the right or bot- 
tom. <A cross heading was then cut 12 feet to the east, but no 
rock found in place. The bottom of this adit is about 50 feet 
higher than the gallery along the bed of the ancient channel, 
the extremity of which is nearly under the mouth of the adit. 
Notwithstanding the want of success in this direction, the 
managers continued to work the galleries which joined at winze 
A, in various directions, taking out a large amount of float 
copper, and of gravel bearing sufficient copper to pay for wash- 
ing. Among this were found frequently pieces of native cop- 
per and silver united in a single mass, but each metal in I's 
pure state, without alloy. 
The bed of the ancient channel was found to descend to the 
north -by offsets or sudden leaps which were doubtless ancient 
falls. In its bottom were also pockets, precisely like those 0 
the present channel, where the descent is rapid over ripples 
and ledges. Captain Paul, who worked in those levels, says: 
‘No one could mistake the cavities and pot-holes for anything 
else than the action of running water.” 
Going south the vein was well defined, both walls being 
visible most of the way, and well charged with copper. But 
the loose copper gradually diminished, and in May, 1847, at 
distance of 260 feet from winze A, the work was suspended. | 
Che strata of trap through which the vein passed and in 
which it bore copper are as follows: Beginning at the north, 0° 
left hand, there is a coarse porous bed of amygdaloid, which 
Mr. Coryell cut in his adit at 52 feet from its mouth, This 
dips to the north at the usual angle of 25°. Under it is 4 close- 
grained, bluish-black, compact bed of trap, about 50 feet thick, 
whi as a basaltic, or columnar, structure. Underneat 
this is “the slide,” which is so distinctly shown at the Copp 
Falls Mine, west vein, near shaft No. 5. The b d beneath 
“the slide” is a rough mass intermediate in character between 4 
breccia and a conglomerate, embracing nodules of sandstone 
and of scoriaceous tufa imbedded in a dark brown trap. 978 
No. 1, was sunk in this bed, which was found to carry “shot 
copper” near the middle of its mass, Its thickness is irregular, 
but, on an average, is about 50 feet. It rests on @ bed ‘. 
black, fine-grained, compact trap from 80 to 100 feet na 
aft No. 
south of shaft No. 8. This “black band” has well-defined faces 
and dips to the north at the usual angle. Beneath this 154 “ 
geese Jo bed of great thickness in which the workings 
€ new company are principally situated. ; 
The stream copper hie in <sy sat or “ash-bed,” st 
