Geology and Mineralogy. 413 
facts seems to sufficiently establish the genuineness of these 
interesting relics, 
wanting, 
3. The Mersey Tunnel; by T. Mettarp Reapg, F.G.S.—All 
as far back as 1872,I think it is well, now the work is secure 
beyond a doubt, to call attention to the actual facts. In my 
Standing the prevailing opinion that a shelf of rock extends 
across from Seacombe Point to Prince’s Dock, it would be found 
that there exists in the bed of the river between Liverpool and 
Birkenhead a “ deep rock channel or gully filled with drift.” 
In a paper on the “Drift Beds of the Northwest of England,” 
Part II (Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, May, 1883), 
I restated this view; and in the columns of the Builder, February 
4, 1882, I further called attention to and insisted upon it. I may 
May also add that my views were published in the face of two 
Sections in my possession at the time (1872) which professed to 
S!ve the actual surface configuration of the rocky bed of the 
Tver as ascertained by borings for the projected tunnels; one on 
the site of that now carried out, the other higher up the river, 
tween the south end of the city and New Ferry, both of which 
showed a thick covering of rock over the tunnels the whole way 
4cross the river. 
The actual facts are these. The tunnel works have shown that 
the rocky bed of the river at its deepest point is, some 300 yards 
m the Liverpool side, deeply buried in drift. About 100 yards 
of this gully or pre-glacial bed have been intersected by the upper 
part of the tunnel. Before this part was finally arched up I had 
Permission from the engineers to inspect it, which I did in com- 
pany with my friend, Mr. Frank Archer, of the firm of Messrs. 
Gill & Archer, solicitors to the company, who have done so much 
to insure the success of the undertaking. Mr. Archer, having a 
g00d knowledge of geology, has always felt the greatest interest 
m the geological aspects of the tunnel works. We foun the upper 
Part of the tunnel section was in stiff, hard, bowlder clay resting, 
Am, Jour. Scr.—Tmirp Serres, Vor. XXIX, No, 173.—May, 1885. 
28 
