1832.] On the Mammalia of Nepal. 347 



properly than the Ghoral*, belongs to Major Smith's Ncemorhaedine 

 group, and bears an extreme resemblance to the Cambing Ootan 

 of Sumatra. The females of the Thar species, however, have four 

 teats, and carry horns. Wherefore, those indicative characters of the 

 group, set down with a note of interrogation by its author (viz. females 

 hornless and with two mammae), would seem to be incorrect. In the 

 Thar the bony core of the horns is cellular, and connected with 

 the frontal sinuses; and the horns arise very decidedly behind the 

 orbits ; material deviations from Antilope, and approximations to 

 Capra, agreeing with the generally Caprine character of the external 

 attributes of this species, which is indeed linked to the antelopine 

 genus only by its horns and suborbital sinuses. In respect to that 

 beautiful little animal of the Tetracerine group, called Chouka in 

 Nepal, Chikara in the plains, I am enabled, by means of a beautiful 

 specimen, to say that the distinction of species attempted to be estab- 

 lished upon the Duvaucellian and Hardwickian specimens and draw- 

 ings cannot be maintained. 



To the northern division are exclusively confined the wild goats 

 and wild sheep of Nepal ; of the former of which genera there is one 

 species only, viz. the Jharal (Capra Jharal, mihi), and of the 

 latter, two species, viz. the Bharal and the Nayaur, or, Ovis Argali, 

 Pallas, and Ovis Nayaur, mihi. The latter, however, is probably only 

 a variety of the former. The common domestic goat of the Kachar, 

 called by the Parbattiahs, Sinai, is a tall largish species, with ordinary 

 horns ; long, flowing, straight hair, drooping, longish ears, and 

 semi-erect, short tail. A small variety of the Changra, or shawl goat, 

 is not uncommon in the same quarter. Neither of these can endure 

 the heat of the central, and far less of the southern region, except in 

 the cold season. 



These latter regions have no domestic breed of goats in any respect 

 peculiar to them. The species found in them is the common little 

 goat of the lower provinces of the Bengal presidency. It is rare 

 and thrives not ; though it does better than the goat of the upper 

 provinces ; which can scarcely be bred as a luxury or curiosity by 

 the rich. 



The domesticated sheep of the Kachar or Barual, is a stout, middle- 

 sized, short and narrow-tailed species, with chaffron extremely 

 arched, massive horns, retaining the primitive character of the wild 



* M. F. Cuvier is mistaken in supposing the Ghoral to have suborbital 

 sinuses. It has none. The ears are striated. 



