6 Mode of expressing numerals [Jan. 



krit originals. I am happy in being permitted to take this opportunity of 

 publishing the catalogue and notes of this indefatigable scholar, placing in 

 juxtaposition the parallel expressions of the Sanskrit language, for the 

 convenience of comparison with the catalogue just given of the terms 

 usually employed in the latter tongue. 



Tibetan Symbolical Names, used as Numerals. 



" In astronomy and astrology, there are many works to be found in 

 Tibet, that have not been introduced into the Kah-gyur or Stan-gyur 

 collections. Of these the most celebrated is the Bei'durya Kdrpo, written 

 by s,D?-srid Sangs-r,gyas r,Gya-m,ts'ho (^Ify^C^'f^'fraraL) 

 a regent or vice-roy at Z^assa, in the last half of the seventeenth century 

 of our sera. In all these works, symbolical names (Ejc;^pzj5 grangs br,da, 

 numerical signs), are used instead of numerals, in. all arithmetical and 

 astronomical calculations. As for instance : •+• Qj«q } for-f-2; — j^for — 3; 

 X §, for x 4 ; ~r *j 9 for -f- 32. 



This mode of expressing numbers has been borrowed from India 

 by the Tibetans. For some of the numerals specified below, there are yet 

 other synonymous terms applied in Tibetan,as in Sanskrit, but in their 

 works these only are of general use. Although the nine units, together 

 with the zero (o), would be sufficient to express any greater number, 

 yet there are used the following numerals also : 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 

 16, 18, 24, 25, 27, and 32. 



When dictating to an assistant in symbolical names what to write in 

 characters, the pandit commences the operation from right to left : thus if 

 he says Q'*T (12), arpsQ (0), «[^'(4), the other writes 4012, &c. This 

 method is the same with that followed in the Shastras of India there- 

 fore it is unnecessary to add any thing further on the subject. 



The following numbers are expressed by such names as are stated here 

 below, and explained in English, to which the Sanskrit terms also have 

 been added (with a few exceptions) not from Tibetan books, but from 

 other sources : 



o or 1. E]:3E]?\r * gzugs, body ; S. shar&am. 

 a zla, the moon ; S. chandra. 

 O^r^ix, hot-tkar, white brightness, the moon: S. shweta- 



rochis. 

 T{*j T *b, bse-ru, rhinoceros; S.gandaka. 



3 or 2. Q[E] 5 lag, the hand: S. bhuja, hasta, or pani. 

 ^f^l, m *9> the eye : S. netra, chakshus. 

 * Note. The articles, ^ ££ ^ ^ ^ £' (Papo, Fa, 00, ma mo, tyej hare been 

 omitted after the roots, since the words occur mostly in this form. 



