144 Scientific Intelligence. [March, 



From these we would fain make more ample extracts than our limited space will 

 allow, and we can confidently assure all who would be acquainted with the features, 

 the climate, — botany, — mineralogy of the hills, that they will be well rewarded by 

 a perusal of the whole essay. The Court of Directors have placed at Mr. Royle's 

 disposal the portion of Dr. Wallich's collection, which he had not himself the 

 opportunity of publishing ; Major General Hardwicke also put into his hands ten 

 volumes of drawings made in the plains of Upper India, and while travelling 30 

 years ago in the Himalayas ; but neither of these have been broached as yet, owing 

 to the ample and novel stores accumulated by himself. 



Of the vegetable productions of the neighbourhood of SeMrunpur, its Jchadir and 

 bangur, or high and low land ; and of the Dehra Dun, we have a correct view from 

 the author's own pen, in the first volume of the Journal*. To this he has on the 

 present occasion added very largely, particularly in the part relating to the hills 

 themselves : dividing the slope of the Himalaya into three several belts, and treat- 

 ing each separately. The first belt extends to 4 or 5000 feet of elevation, and 

 comprehends most of the Flora of temperate climes, with some remains of tropical 

 forms, Buteafrondosa, Carissa sepiaria, Justicia adhatoda, Nyctanthes arbor tristis, 

 Grislea tomentosa, Sterculia villosa, Kydia calycina, and Leea aspera. Nerium Ole- 

 ander is found at the base of these mountains, as in Syria aud Barbary, along the 

 banks of streams. The mangoe and the gloriosa superla attain an elevation of 4000 

 feet. 



The second belt embraces the space between 5 and 9000 feet ; the limit to 

 which the herbaceous plants of tropical genera extend. The third, thence to the 

 highest limits, to which snow melts away on the southern face of the Himalaya. 

 The bounds are necessarily but ill defined, and differ greatly on the northern as- 

 pect of the mountains. 



The arboreous vegetation of the mid region corresponds almost entirely with 

 that of temperate climates ; — Quercus, Acer, Ulmus, Carpinns, and the different 

 pines; of smaller trees, there are species of Cornus, Benthamia, Euonymus, Rham- 

 nus, Rhus, Ilex, Andromeda ; of shrubs, Berberis, Buxus, Daphne, Crataegus, and 

 Coriaria, &c. ; of fruit trees, Juglans regia, Armeniaca vulgaris, Persica vulgaris, 

 and Punica granatum, with species of Pyrus, Cerasus, Rubus, and Morus. But it is 

 quite impossible to excerpt any thing like a complete catalogue of the riches of this 

 genial clime, where man, as De Candolle observes, attains the greatest perfection. 



The splendid pines and cedars form the ornaments of the highest range at 11,000 

 feet elevation. Quercus semicarpifolia is the principal forest tree at the highest 

 limits — below, other species of Quercus, with Taxus, Betula, Acer, Cerasus, and 

 Populus. The smaller trees of highest resort, and shrubs, are Juniperus, Salix, and 

 Ribes. 



It is remarkable that one of the bamboo tribe is found at elevations of 10,000 

 feet; — it is allied to the Chusquea of Quito. Of the cultivation at this elevation, Dr. 

 Gerard and Capt. Webb have furnished particulars. Buckwheat and barley flou- 

 rish at 11,600 feet. 



In addition to the author's former observations on the plants collected by his 

 emissaries in the valley of Cashmere, we find the following note derived from 

 M. Jacquemont's visit: 



" The valley of Cashmere, situated between the 34th and 35th parallels of lati- 

 tude, in the most northern part of the Himalaya, and to which we descend from the 

 * Account of the Seh&ranpur Botanic Garden, i. 41. 



