JOURNAL 
OF 
THE ASIATIC SOCIETY. 
No. 14.—February, 1833. 
1.—Note on the Origin of the Kdla-Chakra and Adi-Buddha Systems. 
By Mr. Alex. Csoma de K6rés. 
The peculiar religious system entitled the Kdla-Chakra is stated, ge- 
nerally, to have been derived from Shambhala, as it is called in Sanscrit, 
(in Tibetan “‘ bdé-Abyung,’” vulgd ‘“<dé-jung,” signifying ‘‘ origin or 
source of happiness,””) a fabulous country in the north, the capital of 
which was Cdlapa, a very splendid city, the residence of many illus- 
trious kings of Shambhala, situated between about 45° and 50° north 
latitude, beyond the Sita or Jaxartes, where the increase of the days 
from the vernal equinox till the summer solstice amounted to 12 Indian 
hours, or 4 hours, 48 minutes, European reckoning. 
The Kdla-Chakra was introduced into Central India in the last half of 
the tenth century after Christ, and afterwards, via Cashmir, it found 
its way into Tibet ; where, in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth cen- 
turies, several learned men, whose works are still extant in that country, 
published researches and commentaries on the Kala-Chakra system ; 
among these authors the most celebrated are Puton, or Bu-stom, 
Kuerur, or mKuas-crus and Papma Carpo, who lived respectively 
in the three centuries above-mentioned. 
Papma Cappo (on the 68th leaf of his ‘« Origin of (the Buddhistic) 
religion” AChhos-hbyung (vulgo “ Ch’os-jung,”’ consisting of 189 
leaves,) thus describes the introduction of the Kdla-Chakra into, or at, 
Nalanda (or Nalendra, a large religious establishment in Central India), 
and the doctrine which it contained : 
_ «© He (a certain pandit called Tsttv or Cutiv) then came to Nalanda 
in Central India, (S. Madhyam, Tib. dvus, or vulgd U.) Having designed 
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