58 Origin of the Kdla-Chakra and Adi-Buddha Systems. [F xs. 
over the door of the Bihar the ten guardians (of the world), he wrote 
below them thus: 
«* He, that does not know the chief first Buddha, (Adi-Buddha), 
knows not the circle of time. (Kadla-Chakra, dus-kyi hkhor-lo, in 
Tibetan*.) 
He, that does not know the circle of time, knows not the exact enu- 
meration of the divine attributes. 
He, that does not know the exact enumeration of the divine attri- 
butes, knows not the supreme intelligence (S. Vajra dhara jnydna, Tib. 
rdo-rjé hdsin-pahi yé-shes.) 
He, that does not know the supreme intelligence, knows not. the 
Tantrica principles (Tantra Ydnam.) 
He, that does not know the Tantrika principles, and all such, are 
wanderers in the orb of transmigrations, and are out of the way (or path) 
of the supreme triumphator (8S. Bhagavan Vajra dhara, Tib. b,chom- 
Idan-idas rdo-rje Adsin-pa.) 
*« Therefore, Adi-Buddha (Tib. mchhog-gi dang-pohi Sangs-rgyas) 
must be taught by every true bLama (S. Guru, a superior teacher, 
religious guide), and every true disciple who aspires to liberation (or 
emancipation) must hear them.” Thus wrote he: 
** The venerable (the lord) N&Xrorapa (Narotrama ?) being at that 
time the principal (S. Upddhyaya, Tib. mkhan-po) of the Bihar ; he, 
together with five hundred pandits, disputed with him, but when they 
saw that he excelled them all in disputing, they fell down at his feet, 
and heard of him Adi-Buddha; then this doctrine was much propa- 
gated.”—See leaf 68, by PApMa CArpo. 
Here follows the text of the above quoted passage by Pa’pma Ca’rpo, 
both in the Tibetan and Roman characters. 
* The Kdla-Chakra and Adi-Buddha systems are probably the same with that 
ofthe Samanians in the north, in Transoxana, and beyond the Jaxartes, as it has 
been described by M. Deguignes, in his ‘‘ Histoire Générale des Huns,” Livre III. 
p. 223, &c., recently criticised by M. Remusat ; since the doctrine of the Samanians 
is exactly the same, as I have found in the Tibetan volumes.—Besides the mystical 
theology and philosophy, there are in the Kdla-Chakra system several works on 
astronomy, astrology, and prophetical stories on the rise, progress, and decline of the 
Muhammedan faith.—In the dstan-Agyur collection (of 225 volumes) the five first 
volumes contain fifty-two tracts or treatises on the Kdla-Chakra, all translated from 
the Sanscrit ; but, besides these, there are many other volumes written by Tibetan 
authors on the same subject. In the Asiatic Society’s library, there are also some 
printed volumes, containing commentaries on the Kdla-Chakra, by Khétup or more. 
properly mKhas-grub, mentioned in this paper as a very celebrated writer in the 
fifteenth century. Should I find any interesting article in it, I shall take occasion to 
notice it hereafter. 
