1833.] The Ancient Canals in the Delhi Territory. 121 
On the Doad canal the change is not so great, being only of one sys- 
tem of irrigation for another. It is almost too much in its infancy to 
allow of comparisons, but the results are consistent with the premises, 
and the progress of irrigation has been infinitely more rapid than on 
Frroz’s canal, though less so than on the Delhi canal; the decrease in 
the last crop, shown in the abstract, compared with the corresponding 
one of the preceding year, being solely owing to the excess of rain dur- 
ing the last cold season, diminishing the necessity for water, a cause 
which has frequently had corresponding results on the Delhi canal. It 
being a clear matter of course that, where rain falls in sufficient quan- 
tity to ripen the crops, they will not draw upon the canal for a supply 
to be paid for. 
_ It was found, chiefly on Frroz’s canal, that many villages were in- 
clined to go on as they had heretofore, without employing the water 
for irrigation, but freely using it for all village purposes, and for the 
supply of their cattle, saving themselves the expence and trouble of 
drawing water or maintaining their wells and tanks efficient. As they 
benefitted considerably by the canal in this way, it appeared rea- 
sonable that they should contribute their share to its support; and it 
was submitted to government, that although villages paying above a 
certain sum annually (fixed at 100 rupees) in shape of water rent 
on irrigation, should still have the free use of the water for village 
purposes, yet that those paying less should contribute to the expences 
of what they benefitted from, by paying a moderate rate on the number 
of cattle of all kinds belonging to the village. This rate was fixed at six 
rupees per 100 head of cattle per annum,—a rate so infinitely below the 
cost of watering from wells, that, to the westward, cattle are brought to 
the canal from villages distant many miles. The distinction made in 
favor of irrigating villages has led to many irrigating up to and beyond 
the limit, which gives free water to the cattle; and in villages within 
reach of canal irrigation, this source of income will gradually cease, 
but will still be continued, and go beyond what it has now attained by 
the watering of cattle of villages, either so distant, or so situated, as 
to be unable to irrigate, and it is one so fair and reasonable, that it may 
safely be continued. The filling of village tanks at certain rates is in 
fact only a modification of the above, and requires no special notice. 
Of the Employment of the Water for moving Machinery. 
The only application of the water of the canals for the movement 
of machinery hitherto put in practice has been of a very simple nature, 
yet producing what will appear comparatively great results, as a 
source of revenue. The use of the water is let out to those who 
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