1833.] The Ancient Canals in the Delhi Territory. 125 
import of timber from Karndl to Jhind, Hanst, and Hissar, by land 
carriage, has been completely superseded, the canal being capable of 
carrying rafts, of the heaviest timbers, including all charges and the 
canal duty, at a cost of about one-half of the land carriage ; and corre- 
sponding results may be expected elsewhere, when once the advantages 
of transport of merchandize by boats is clearly shown. The boats suit~ 
able to the canals should be long and narrow, and of burthen from 100 
to 200 maunds*, sharp at both ends, and with a falling mast, and sail, to 
take advantage of the wind so often favorable for a return passage 
against the stream. The current however is no where sufficient to offer 
any serious impediment to tracking up. 
Of sundry minor Items of Revenue. 
With the view of preventing waste, and discontent, or complaints 
of partiality, it has been made a rule on the canals, that, nothing, the 
produce of the canals, shall be given free of payment of what is deem- 
ed an equivalent, and that whoever chooses to give the equivalent 
may have the right purchased. This leads to sundry small collections, 
which individually trifling are collectively sufficient to pay a most con- 
siderable portion of the outlay in improving this source of income, by 
planting timber trees on the canals. In the rains, the canal bounds pro- 
duce annually a strong growth of various descriptions of grasses, and 
jungle; these have to be cleared annually to admit of repairs and 
access to the banks; what is unprofitable is burnt, and what is 
useful is stacked and sold. The bounds are in many parts covered 
with trees of natural growth, of which such as would impede the 
ultimate purpose of -trackage are disposed of when wanted in the 
neighbourhood. Licences are also granted for cutting forage from 
the canal bounds. These together produce the sums stated in the 
column of ‘‘ sale of produce of canal bounds,” in the annexed ab- 
stracts, which though as yet trifling will ultimately become of material 
amount, when the useful forest timber trees, now planting on the 
canals, shall attain value with age, of which an idea may be formed 
from the canal banks, west of the Jamna, affording space for about 
200,000 trees to attain maturity ; they are planted in such numbers 
that from 10 to 15,000 get past the age of danger annually, at an 
expenditure limited to 2000 rupees. At the age of 20 years, the 
average value of each timber, if only rated at 24 rupees, would admit 
* 1 to 200 maunds of sugar, grain, and such heavy articles would lie inside a 
boat of three feet depth, of suitable length, and 7 to 8 feet beam, which might be 
safely loaded to draw two feet water, so as to pass under the bridges freely at com- 
mon water level. 
