1833.] Voysey’s Report on the Geology of Hyderabad. 301 
of Jogipet is the most extensive, being three or four miles in length, 
above fifty feet high in its highest part, and three or four hundred yards 
in breadth. It is crystallized in rhombs. Some of the angles are 
very perfect.—2nd. The number of trap veins which have been particu- 
larly noticed amount to seven, four of which are in the neighbourhood of 
Hyderabad, one at Koulas, and two in the neighbourhood of Maidak. 
The vein which passes near Golcondah has been traced to the eastward 
nearly six miles, andis said to be continued nineteen miles farther. They 
all resemble each other in composition, in their direction (nearly east 
and west), and in other particulars, of which.a more detailed description 
will be offered in a paper devoted particularly to the description of the 
country around Hyderabad.—3rd. From Mulkapir to the Godavery the 
granite is most usually red and porphyritic. The red granite is much 
more subject to decomposition than the white, from the abundance of 
iron contained in the felspar. The granite of Nelgondah is the whit- 
est, particularly that from the summit of the mountain. The mixture 
of micaceous and sienitic granite, in veins and in rounded lumps, has 
been observed at Tuperty, at Nelgondah, at Secanderabad, and in the 
bed of the Manjera near Suldapuram.—4th. It will be easily seen from 
the previous description of the ranges, that numerous small valleys and 
plains must exist with such an arrangement of mountains. These 
valleys covered with water during the rainy season are artificially 
divided by large, and in some instances, by stupendous banks or mounds 
of stones or earth, leaving outlets for the passage of the water collect- 
ed in the upper part, to fertilize the lower grounds during the dry 
season. The ground by these means is enabled to produce two crops 
of rice in the year, with sometimes an intermediate one of the holcus 
saccharatus (jowar); but this depends on a peculiarity of the soil, to 
be adverted to in the description of the trap.country. On the borders 
of the lakes or tanks thus formed are seen the date and palmyra trees 
in great profusion, whilst the water itself is covered with aquatic birds 
and waders. Within about 20 miles radius from the station of Suldapur, 
on a misty morning, thirty-three of these lakes were counted, most of 
them of considerable dimensions. On the granite hills, in the inter- 
stices of the rocks and on the barren soil, the result. of their decompo- 
sition, are only seen dwarfish plants of the custard-apple, cassia auri- 
culata, butea frondosa, and a few others. Large trees are only seen 
in the valleys, where the soil is intermixed with richer materials, and: 
_ water is more abundant. 
These are the principal characteristics of the granite country as seen 
at Hyderabad, Maidak, Banchapilly, Koulas, &c. 
