1833.] Voysey’s Report on the Geology of Hyderabad. 303 
in two places only, at Miinganal and at Oudgir ; at the latter place, 
the largest exceeded a metre in diameter, was about three feet in 
height, eight-sided, and the interstices between the columns were filled 
with green earth and globular wacken. 
3rd. The direction of these ranges is to the north-west, although the 
interruptions are numerous, and it frequently happens that a range 
appears to cross at right angles to the main one. Their form is gener- 
ally much flattened, with two or three conical peaks; sometimes the 
continuation of the flat range is interrupted by a valley, which presents 
the appearances of the embrasure of a fortification, which is repeated 
several times in an extent of ten or twelve miles. The summits of 
Tandmanur, Medcondah, Burgapilli, Monegal, and Mungdnal are of 
waving land, rounded summits, separated by ravines of different depths, 
which in the rainy season afford a passage for the water into the 
plains, depositing on the banks of the streams and rivers the black 
cotton soil, which is the result of the decomposition of the trap rocks. 
4th. At Bucktapir, at Shivalingapah, at the Godavery, at the Laendy 
river, near Daiglir, and at Chilliriga, near the Mangera, carbonate of 
lime is intermixed with the rock, whether sienitic, greenstone, granite, 
basalt, or wacken. 
At Daiglir large rounded masses of a small grained red granite are 
enveloped in a cement composed of carbonate of lime, red felspar, and 
quartz in grains: this extends to a few miles above and below the 
ford. At Chilliriga the basalt and wacken, or substance intermediate, 
is mixed witha greenish limestone which has large vacuities in it, from 
its decomposition taking place more slowly than the trap with which 
it is mixed. In the space of a few feet pure basalt is here seen pass- 
ing into wacken, and the latter into the mixture of limestone, which 
last ultimately passes into pure limestone. 
5th. The black cotton soil is not only found on the banks of all the 
rivers and streams generally, to the height of about thirty feet, and 
where it has been deposited by floods, but also in places two or three 
hundred feet above those rivers. On the road from Beder to Shela- 
pilly, which lies over a stratum of iron clay, varying from 100 to 150 
feet in thickness, four well defined zones of black cotton soil are cross- 
ed, running north and south and lying between ridges ofironclay. We 
encamped at Shelapilly on one of these zones, which had nearly a north 
and south direction, and from a conical elevation, forty feet in height, 
composed of the same soil, observed the iron clay on each side about 
half a furlong distant. This soil is rich and peculiarly adapted to the 
cultivation of dry grains, which denomination is given to various speeies 
