.1833.] ‘The Pan-chaki or Native Water-mill. 363 
12 inches thick, are quarried in the vicinity of Rdjpur north of 
Dehrah; they appear to me of an inferior description, though of various 
qualities ;—the native millers, however, prefer some of them to the Agra 
stone, and it is not impossible that some of the best variety from Raj- 
pur may be superior to the worst from Agra, but generally speaking 
the preference is decidedly in favor of the latter. 
The best method of delivering the water from theshoot on to the float- 
boards, appears to be that represented in the accompanying sketch, and 
which has been generally practised on thecanals in pursuance of the usual 
course adopted by the natives. A trial made at Hansi, in whicha hori- 
zontal (or nearly horizontal) shoot applied to the lower part of a cistern 
delivered the stream on float-boards whose planes were parallel to the axis 
of the arbor or upright, did not answer so well as was expected, owing 
in a greatmeasure, it was supposed, to the introduction of anew system, 
which unless palpably advantageous, is certain to meet with objections 
from the people to whom the mills are entrusted ; but although the 
limits of this paper will not allow me to enter into a discussion on the 
point in question, I am much inclined to consider that the latter me- 
thod is not only objectionable, but that the power obtained in applying 
it to this simple water-wheel is much less than the other; a matter 
to be settled by practical experiments, and not by theoretical specula- 
tions. . Bexrpor, in speaking of a mill of this description, says, ‘‘ En 
Provence et dans une bonne partie du Dauphiné, les moulins y sont 
dune grande simplicité, n’ayant qu’une roue horizontale, de 6 ou 7 
pieds de diametre, dont les aubes sont faites en cuillerés* pour recevoir 
le choc de l’eau, qui coule ordinairement dans un auge; L’arbre, qui 
repond a la meule supérieure, est la seule piece qui sert 4 lui commu- 
niquer le mouvement, et je ne crois pas qu’il soit possible de faire un 
moulin 4 moindre frais; il est vrai qu’il faut pouvoir menager une 
chute comme celle que l’on voit ici, et qui sont tres frequentes dans ce 
pays 1a. 
_* La roue tourne sur un pivot dans une crapaudine pratiquée au mi- 
lieu de l’entretoise du. chassis, servant 4 approcher les deux meules, 
par le moyer de la vis se qui est a l’extremité de la piece, et de l’ ecrou, 
que l’on fait tourner pour hausser ou baissir le chassis. 
“Les roues que l’on voit exécutées danse la gont de cell ci ont leur 
cuilléres simplement assemblées a l’arbre par un tenon et une cheville, 
* These cuilléres, or spoon-shaped ends, are mere indentations in the native 
mills, and the trough alluded to by Brxipor for the delivery of the water at an 
angle of about 25° is in the native mills a square tube or shoot placed at an angle 
of 45°. The crapaudine and the arrangement for raising or depressing the upper. 
stone by the transom in which it is fixed, is also practised in the native mill, 
242 
