1883.] Second Report on the Geology of Hyderabad. 393 
atures of the loftier ranges. These ranges are few in number; and re- 
markably interrupted and irregular, their extension inconsiderable, and 
their height above the level of the sea about 2,500 ft., most of them 
fallmg far short of that height. Single isolated hills and groups, with 
round and conical summits, are by far their most common features. 
Although the complete isolation of these hills and groups first 
strikes the observer as being the prevailing character, on a closer ex- 
amination it will be found that the apparently isolated hills are connect- 
ed at their base by scarcely distinguishable elevations, pursuing the 
N. W. and S. E. direction, common to them and the larger ones. 
They are extremely bare and rugged in their outline, and consist of 
piles of rock, one block being heaped above the other in irregular suc- 
_ cession on an enormous mass of concentric granite. In the process of 
decomposition these form tors and logging stones of a singular ap- 
pearance. 
The hill on which the Fort of Bhowanigarh is built and that of Maul 
Ali, 2017 ft. above the level of the sea, may be taken as specimens of 
the isolated hills and groups; and the ranges of Mulkapur and Gol- 
conda as specimens of the continued. The only parts of the country 
which are entitled to the name of plains are those in the neighbourhood 
of the rivers, being formed by their inundations and therefore of small 
extent. 
The above description applies to the greater part of the granite 
country : those ranges of granite however which run N. E. and S. W. 
from Gunttir to Gondwana, forming the pass of the Kistna at Bej- 
wara and that of the Goddveri at Papkunda, are of a different character ; 
the ranges being less interrupted, more elevated above the plains, 
although not higher above the level of the sea, and altogether of a dif- 
ferent structure. Their sides are very precipitous, and oblige the tra- 
veller to use his hands and knees for a considerable portion of the 
ascent. 
Their outline is not at all rugged, and the logging stones and tors 
of the former granite are nowhere visible. 
The Cavalry cantonment of Ba’tara’M, six miles N. of Secanderdbad, 
is one of the highest inhabited villages of the granite country, and from 
thence to the northward, the country gradually decreases in height as 
far as Menachpet : the same takes place more suddenly at Malkapur 
to the eastward, and at Patancheré to the N. W. The city of 
Hyderabad, close to the walls of which the river Moussa runs, is by 
barometrical measurement 1672 feet above the level of the sea, and the 
cantonment of Secanderabad 1837, which agrees with Colonel Lams- 
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