396 Second Report on the Geology of Hyderabad. fAve. 
They are less frequent in the sandstone country, and the unirrigated 
cultivation is accordingly more abundant. 
In the basaltic trap they are rarely seen, and the irrigation of rice 
-when cultivated is performed solely by wells. 
Hot Springs. 
There are two hot-springs. One called Gonddla is situated in the 
sandy bed of the Godaveri, about two furlongs from its left bank, a few 
miles below the pagoda of Baddrachelam. It is covered in the rainy 
“season by the river, but is left dry during the greater part of the year. 
The bed of the river about one mile and a half wide contains granitic 
sand, above which appear rocks of granite and trap mixed in various 
ways. 
The spring is situated close to these rocks. When I visited it in 
February, it was covered with sand, and we were obliged to dig in three 
places before we discovered the hottest part. Around this spot to the 
distance of 15 yards the temperature of a stick thrust into the ground 
was sensibly raised, and on digging to the depth of three or four feet, 
water was found hot, but of an inferior temperature to that of the 
central spot. Its temperature at sun rise was 139°, that of the others 
120° and 130,° whilst that of the air and river was 70°. The falling 
in of the land, the pit being about four feet deep, so evidently reduced 
the temperature, that it is very probable we should have found it much 
higher on digging deeper, which we were prevented from doing by the 
inconvenience the labourers suffered from the hot-water. The presence 
of sulphuretted hydrogen was sensible to the smell; but the impreg- 
nation was not strong enough to blacken a silver pencil case : the tis- 
‘sue of a slipper was slightly discoloured on being dipped into the 
water. 
On evaporating 2880 grains, six grains of saline matter were left 
behind, consisting of sulphate of soda, common salt, and muriate of 
lime. 
It is much resorted to from its supposed efficacy in curing cutane- 
ous disorders. It is worthy of remark, that the rocks in the neigh- 
‘bourhood contain no iron pyrites. Its heat therefore cannot be ascribed 
to the spontaneous combustion of that mineral. 
On the opposite bank of the river is a bluff rock of sandstone, through 
the crevices of which water infiltrates and is collected in small reser- 
voirs, caused by the continued dropping on the soft stone. Its tem- 
perature at nine o’clock was 68°. I do not consider this to be the mean 
temperature of the place, since its latitude, 18° N. and height above 
the level of the sea not exceeding 130 feet, would make its mean tem- 
