1833.] “Second Report on the Geology of Hyderabad. 897 
perature much higher. It is called by the natives, <<‘ the cold spring,” 
in contradistinction to its neighbour Gondala. 
About 30 miles to the N. W. of this place is the hot-spring of 
Bangah, situated in a valley surrounded by sandstone rocks. It is a 
pool of water, about 40 feet long by 20 broad and five feet deep. From 
the deepest part a number of bubbles of air or steam are continually 
ascending ; there its temperature is 110°, but at the sides 100°. It holds 
in solution a small quantity of carbonate of lime. It is surrounded by 
loose blocks of a porous black limestone: the water is tasteless, and 
remarkably pure in other respects. 
I have frequently received information of the existence of springs of 
water both in the granite, the trap, and the sandstone countries, but 
have always been disappointed in my search after them; as I have 
invariably found that the rills which flow down to the rivers are sup- 
plied by infiltration of water through the rocks, from the higher ground, 
and their temperature always that of the surrounding atmosphere. 
This perfectly accords with the structure of the country, and the absence 
of rain during eight months of the year. The hills being none of them 
high enough to intercept the clouds, and deprive them of their water. 
The temperature of a well at Beder, 200 feet deep, was 77° in the 
month of March, and that of a well, 40 feet deep, at Secanderabad, 78° 
in November and in June: this is probably very near the mean tem- 
perature of both places. 
Soils. 
The fertility of the soils which compose the cultivated districts of 
the granitic part of this province would depend greatly on the facility 
with which the rock of which they are formed, decomposes, were not 
water the most important requisite in the cultivation of rice. The soil 
is of course siliceous, but varies as much as the granite rock itself, 
which will be described in another part of this sketch. Generally, it 
has few spontaneous productions. The rich valley of Malkapur forms 
an exception, and it may be said that usually the spontaneous fertility 
is in the inverse ratio of height above the level of the sea. 
The following is an analysis of a garden soil at the cantonment of 
Secanderabad, which has not received much manure. 
Specific gravity of soil 1°70. Four hundred and eighty grains con- 
tained; viz. 
Of water of absorption,............- ied Naistesetwidl aierebletctesaishats:aheeste 10 grs. 
Stones, consisting of quartz and felspar,....... ceseeseeecseces 255 
eetanle Gre yes % otic dc date Oinele sive oopwtye 50-4 Bite (PY Ata 2 
- Siliceous sand,......++++. SR LONG Fe. VARIO AICHE ITS ACR I IA nt aa 
