400 Second Report on the Geology of Hyderabad. [Aue. 
This was the case in the bed of the Goddveri near the hot-spring, 
also on the banks of the river, and 15 miles inland, near Palin- 
shah, and at the foot of the micaceous rock of Ghartbpet. 
Sandstone. 
The sandstone varies considerably in composition and colour. Its 
variations however occur principally in the neighbourhood of its junc- 
tions with the other rocks. Its most common cement is lithomarge, 
which is also found in it in nests and beds of various sizes, and of 
eolour both white and reddish white. 
It is thus found at Jallikara Giidani, 20 miles N. E. of Ellore, at 
Chintapet, at Palinshah, at Mangapet and Tyellaptram. 
At its junction with the granite to the S. E. of Hyderabad, twelve 
miles from Thatkir, it would be scarcely recognized as sandstone. 
It there consists of a conglomerate, containing pebbles of quartz, 
felspar, a few scales of mica, and rounded pieces of a rock resembling 
the granite of Pdpkunda, ina cement of indurated clay strongly im- 
pregnated with iron. It soon however changes to a rock, containing 
grains of sand cemented by lithomarge as before described. 
The rounded pebbles of quartz, in some instances, form nearly the 
whole of the mass. It sometimes contains septaria of a black ferru- 
ginous sandstone of a curvilinear form, which project as the rock de- 
composes. 
A few miles to the N. W. of Buddrachellam commences a range of 
flat sandstone hills called by the natives Vindhaya ; they extend upwards 
of sixty miles on the right bank of the river. 
Both white and grey sandstone were brought to me gathered at their 
bases. 
At the junction of the sandstone with the granite at Ramgiri it 
contains crystals of red felspar and a few scales of mica. In no instance 
have I seen this sandstone stratified. The height of the highest flat 
range is about 3000 feet. 
Basailtic Trap. 
The basalt which covers the granite to the N. W. of Hyderabad at 
first appears only on the summits of some of the hills; the latter rock 
still occupying the valleys and forming the sides of the mountains. It 
afterwards gradually increases in extent until it covers it in all its parts, 
the granite re-appearing only in the beds of some of the rivers, and 
forming the base of some isolated peaks. It is sometimes found 
columnar, the columns being of all sizes, from a foot to a yard and a 
half in diameter, as at Oudghir, Monegal, &c. It varies from a very 
compact semi-crystalline rock, resembling hornblende rock, to a porous: 
