1833.] Bactrian and Indo-Scythic Coins. 409 
mus and SopHaGaseEnvs herepassed the Indus, and returned by way of Arachosia 
and Carmania to the western seat of his empire.’’ [Was it after this expedition 
that he struck the coin represented in fig. 2, depicting the stern of a boat of the 
river Indus ?] 
“ EuTHYDEMUuS may have profited by the distance of ANrrocuus, and the decline 
of his strength, to deprive him of the provinces situated along the Lower Indus. It is 
certain that Demerrivs reigned there, I think, first as governor in the name of his 
father ;—afterwardsas an independent king. Demerrivs did not succeed Euruy- 
pDEMUs in Bactria: his absence perhaps allowed his competitor to supplant him. If 
Demetrius had not been in possession at the death of his father, with what force 
could he have conquered these vast provinces, when the army of Bactria was at the 
command of arival? Itis he, no doubt, who founded the city of Demetrias in 
Arachosia, the name of which is preserved in the geographical work of Istporus. 
Thence his dominions extended to the Delta of the Indus. 
“ Trocus-Pomreivs ascribes exploits in India to APoLLopoTuS and MENAN- 
DER ; StRaABo also to the latter. Their conquests then must have been towards the 
Panjdb, since they would have come into contact with DemMerrivs on the south ; 
and there is no mention of war between the Bactrians and this king of India until 
the end of the reign of Evcratipas. Srraso says expressly that MENANDER 
passed the Hyphases and penetrated to the Jamna. [Eiye kal tov “Yravw d1éBn mpos 
€w, Kat méxpt TOU Ioauou mponArde. lege *Yacw et Iwpavov.| 
“‘ This authorises our extending his kingdom to Mathura or even Baitasor, (where 
Col. Top’s coin was found.) The probability is, that it included the kingdom of 
Lahore ; for since Srrazo says that MENANDER was the first to penetrate so far, his 
predecessor’s rule of course must have been more limited.” 
Puutarcu bears testimony to the excellent character of MmEnaNDER 
as a sovereign ;—‘‘a certain king, Menanper, who had reigned with 
justice over the Bactrians, having died in camp, the cities in common 
had the care of his funeral rites, but afterwards contended for his 
ashes ; they at last divided his remains equally amongst them, and 
agreed that monuments to him should be raised amongst them all*.” 
May not this singular passage have had its origin in a confused account 
of the monuments raised by the Buddhists to preserve the relics of their 
lawgiver, of which one at Manikyala seems to have been founded im- 
mediately after the Bactrian monarchy was upset, and while the com- 
munication of those countries with the west was still perhaps maintain- 
edt? But to return to M. ScuizceL’s epitome :— 
“We know nothing of Hetriocues, if indeed he ever reigned in Bactria, But as 
EvcraTipas was the first to assume the distinction of great king, it is natural to 
suppose that he aggrandized the empire. He may have conquered Ariana, which 
Sraso says belonged to Bactria. 
“For the war between Eucratipas and Demetrius, king of India, we are 
reduced to the unsatisfactory notice of Justinus, according to whom DEMETRIUS 
was the aggressor, Evcratipas, at first besieged, and in great danger, saved 
himself by his valour, and finished by despoiling his adversary. In his retreat, 
* Major Tod on Bactrian Medals, Roy. As. Res. I. 330. + See page 315. 
2a 
