552 Analysis of Books. [Ocr. 
The domestic animals are the common hill black cattle, and the Surdgai or Yak of 
Tartary ; the Jabu and Garju are prolific mules between these two, very serviceable 
for carriage : sheep and goats, used also for burden ; stout ponies, called Gunts, dogs, 
(the Buansu, tamed,) and cats. The wild animals are the Barjé or tawny bear; the 
Bharal, wild sheep ; Kasturi, musk deer ; the Bhia, a small brown marmot; the 
Kukar, ferret, and rats with short tails. 
The birds peculiar to Bhot are the falcon and hawk, the Hién-wdl (bird of 
snow), ptarmigan ; Miékao, wild pigeon, and Kyang, or chough, with scarlet bill and 
legs. The Bhaunr or wild bee builds its nest on the southern aspect of the Hima- 
laya. 
Of minerals, Mr. TRArLt mentions iron, sulphur, and yellow orpiment. The fossil 
bones called Bijli har are chiefly found at the crest of the Nézé pass, full 17,000 feet 
high. Hot springs are numerous, and there is reason to suspect that a volcano 
exists on the Nanda Devi peak. 
We have not space to follow the author into the history and manners of the people 
who inhabit this secluded tract: they derive their origin from Tibet but shew an 
equal admixture of Hind& in their institutions. It would have been interesting to 
have added a vocabulary of words in the unwritten Darma dialect spoken by the 
aborigines of the country. 
Situated between the Tibetan and Gorkha powers, the Bhots have had to pay 
for the protection of both: and being the key of commercial intercourse between 
Tartary and Hindustan, the revenue jama, raised from this limited population, on 
theintroduction of the British Government, in 1872, Samat, amounted to so large a 
sum as Rupees 11,565. By an enlightened policy, the transit duties were soon after 
all abolished, and though the direct receipts were thus reduced to one-half, the in- 
crease of trade must have amply compensated for the loss. 
The principal exports from Bhotia to Tibet or Hiundés (snowland) consists of 
grain, calico, hardware, broadcloth, gir, sugar, and timber. The imports are 
salt, the natural produce of lakes in Hiundés, 15,000 maunds : tincal or borax, also 
the natural produce of a lake; in this article there was much speculation for the 
British market, and the import increased from 1500 to 20,000 maunds in 1818-19, 
a quantity far exceeding the demand in Eugland. The supply has since fallen to 7 
or 8000 mds. The other imports are wool, shawl-wool, gold dust, and a few trifling 
articles. As the imports from 1816 to 1821 much exceeded the exports, a large 
amount of Furukhabad rupees found their way to Hiundés, of which they have be- 
eome the favorite currency. 
Mr. Traitt’s able report terminates with a few remarks on the province of 
Hiundés, of which a full account has already been given in the Journal in Mr. A. 
Csoma’s Geographical Notice of Tibet, (vol. i. p. 124.) 
II.—The next paper is an Essay on the mode of performing the arithmetical 
operation of the extraction of roots, as practised by the Arabs, and given in the 
Ayoun-ool-Hisab, by John Tytler. At first sight this paper appears rather lengthy, 
but its subject is one which it is difficult to compress so as to render intelligible, and 
indeed without a diagram it is by no means easy to render it intelligible at all. 
The Binomial formula of any power (a -++ 4)” is ar -+-na"—l$+ dePsl. 
an—2}? &c....... 6% This may be considered as consisting of two terms a” and 
n.n—I1 
RES 6S B? ..,. 8%. Supposing a given number to consist 
