54 Section of a Well at Chandpur. [Jan. 



70 to 72. Vein of fine river sand — (water found here). 

 73 to 76. Fine sand, with a mixture of clean gravel. 

 77 to 79. Gravel with a mixture of yellow sand. 

 80 to 83. Clear fine river sand. 



84 to 86. A bed of clean pebbles, and the well ring- bedded on 

 small boulders. 

 N. B. The water sunk while the cylinder was being built to 79-6. 



Note by Lieutenant "W. E. Baker, Engineers, Assistant Supe?-intendant 



of Cunals. 



The situation of this well is close to the southern base of the outer 

 range of hills, where they fall away into the valley of the Jumna, a 

 branch of which now occupied as the bed of the Delhi canal, passes 

 within a short distance of it. The strata, of which the section is 

 thus exhibited, are evidently the deposits of a stream, having, for the 

 greater pare of the time, at least as strong a fall and as rapid a cur- 

 rent as the Jumna at the same spot now has — and they are precisely 

 what might now be forming in the Jumna, were that river raising its 

 bed — even the strata of small rounded stones, in which Mr. Dawe 

 has attributed the removal of sand and smaller gravel to the action 

 of formerly existing springs, have their representatives in the numer- 

 ous shingle banks of the Jumna. 



The most striking circumstance, however, illustrated by Mr. Dawe's 

 observations, is the impermeability of these river deposits to the 

 water of the neighboring channel, the stream of which is never dry. 

 This circumstance was even more strongly exemplified in the same 

 vicinity — at the village of Rayanwalla — where, within the inclosure of 

 the canal chowkey, and not 60 yards distant from the water's edge, it 

 was desired to sink a well to supply clear water to such of the esta- 

 blishment as remained there during the rainy season, when the 

 river water is turbid and unwholesome. The shaft was of small dia- 

 meter, as water was confidently expected at but little below the level 

 of that in the canal : no trace of it, however, was met with to the 

 depth of 60 feet — when, from the smallness of the shaft, it became 

 dangerous to proceed further ; the attempt was therefore abandoned 

 and the shaft filled up again. The strata pierced through on this occa- 

 sion consisted of large and small boulders, gravel and sand materials, 

 of which we find it impossible to form a dry bund, even where the 

 difference of level is only 2 or 3 feet — while here, the excavation must 

 have gone at least 50 feet below the canal level. 



In apparent contradiction to this, is a well known fact, connected 

 with the rivers flowing through the northern parts of Rohilkhand into 



