50 On the site of Sangala, fyc. [Jan. 



Wutnee, as -we travelled by night — but I conclude not, as nearly the 

 whole road led through marshes. 



The identification of Arrian's Sangala would not be merely curious 

 as a point of illustrative geography, but of importance as directing 

 us to the spot where Alexander's operations ceased on the banks 

 of the Hyphasis, and affording a better clue than we were hitherto 

 acquainted with for the detection of the site of the famous altars 

 erected by the illustrious Greek as lasting monuments of his progress 

 and victories. Various have been the inferences drawn as to the 

 position of these celebrated structures — but I hesitate not to suggest 

 that they were erected on the banks of the modern Gharra, composed 

 of the united streams of the Bey ah and Sutlej, and at that point or 

 nearly where a direct line drawn from Hurreepah would meet the 

 river, — that is, (if there be faith in modern maps,) in that portion 

 of it which divides the Sikh and Bhawelpur territories. Arrian 

 describes Sangala as two marches from the Hyphasis, and Hurreepah 

 is distant from the Gharra eighteen or twenty coss (27 or 30 miles). 

 It is impossible not to admire the correctness of Arrian in his rela- 

 tion of Alexander's progress in the Panjdb, and I feel confident, 

 that had I been fortunate to have had him for a companion when a 

 wanderer in that country, the vestiges of his altars, if any remain, 

 might have been detected. Pliny and, I believe, Strabo, have placed 

 them on the eastern bank of the Hyphasis : this, if correct, will not 

 affect ceneral circumstances of locality. 



The ancient name Sangala appears a composition of sang and 

 killah*, or literally, the stone fort, and figuratively applied to any strong 

 fort, owing to position, construction or otherwise, without reference 

 to the materials of which it may be built. The modern name denotes 

 in Hindi, the green town, and would seem to refer to the luxuriant 

 pastures to be found east of it. 



The learned Wilford has accused Arrian of confounding Sangala 

 with Salgeda, which he says still exists near Calanore, and agreeing mi- 

 nutely with the historian's description. Sangala he describes as situate 

 in a forest, and sixty miles west by north of Lahore. Hurreepah is also 

 situate in a forest, or intense jungle of small trees and bushes, but 

 is south-west of Lahore, and at a somewhat greater distance than sixty 

 miles. The fortress of Sangala, so particularly described by Arkian, 

 must clearly by deduction have been south of Lahore, and, as it was 

 only two marches from the Hyphasis, could never have been the 

 Sangala of Wilford to the north-west of Lahore. 



* This derivation from Persian and Arabic is, we fear, hardly admissible. — Ed, 



