1837.] of the Indo-Scythic Coin legends. 99 



that the figure is no other than Kronos. Hitherto, if I mistake not, 

 this device has heen identified with Hercules in his character of " The 

 Sun" running his course ; and thus we find in Anthon's edition of 

 Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, Art. Hercules, Bactrian and Par- 

 thian coins expressly mentioned having figures of the Phoenician 

 Hercules* : the word " fugiens" of Virgil's description of the god 

 Saturmts, might have, however, suggested him as the personage meant 

 in his character of Kronos ; and, indeed, the former is to be met with 

 in some illustrations of the god, much in the same nude and running 

 attitude as that in which he is seen upon the coins. Virgil says — 

 " Primus ab sethereo venit Saturnus Olympo, 

 Arma Jovis fugiens et regnis exul ademptis." 



On looking over the Vocabulary given in the Zendavesta, '" Ved- 

 na" is given as Pehlevi for terns — this seems the same (perhaps in the 

 genitive case) as " oed" of the Celtic Vocabulaire. 



Another remark may be considered to be called for on this coin. 

 M. Burnouf, as noticed already in the Journal, alludes to the pecu- 

 liarity of the Zend words ending with " O" final ; and thus it may be 

 observed that the OAD of the book becomes OADO on the coin, as 

 NAN of the book becomes NANO of the coin. 



Again, the legend that runs through whole series of these old coins 

 is RAO NANO RAO, accompanied, 1 believe, in some instances, with 

 a Greek translation on the opposite side of the coin of BACIAEHC BACI- 

 AEHNt- This left no doubt of the meaning of the phrase, being equiva- 

 lent to Malkan Malka of another series — still the word NANA was 

 not made out very satisfactorily ; whereas the Celtique Vocabulary 

 has " na, nan article du genitif;" thus word for word — king of kings. 

 With regard to Rao, there is no difficulty — "Ro-ard" being given as 

 " supreme souverain" precisely in the same sense as " ard" is found 

 on the coins — ex. gr. " ard-okro," " sol supremusj." 



* The remark in Lempriere doubtless alludes to the reverse of the coins of 

 Euthydemus. Those of HerMjEUs and some other of the new names would 

 equally bear out the expression, without including the OAAO reverse, which cer- 

 tainly has as much analogy to Buddha or Woden, as OKPO has to Arka, Sec. — Ed. 



f The title rao is substituted for basileus, and rao nano rao for basileus basileon, 

 on precisely similar coins, but we do not know of any instance in which they 

 occur together. — Ed. 



X The explanation of nano, as a genitive affix before rao, is perhaps the most 

 plausible of these Celtic elucidations — but the Vocabulaire does not call nan 

 the particle of the genitive, but the article of that case ; and we find in " Pritch- 

 akd's Celtic nations" in the declension of an bard, a poet, the nominative plural 

 na baird ; genitive, na mbhard ,• dative, o na bardaibh, &c. So that, in the 

 Erse dialect at least, na is the general article in the plural, as is an in th 

 singular. See observations on this word in Vol. III. p. 448. — Ed. 

 O 2 



