1837.] Lodiana to Mithankot by the Satlaj river. 187 



are benghan, kire, chulai sdg, tarkakril, tarbuze, karbuze, hhurja chaka. 

 Tobacco is also grown in small quantities. In the spring and as 

 late as June are sown nai shakar or sugar-cane, mdki, juar, mash, 

 mung, moth, kanjad or til, bdjra, pambzdr ; and the vegetables are 

 turnips, carrots, spinach, solid, gandana or leek, ganddlon kd sdg, 

 karam kd sdg, onions. If rain falls plentifully in January, they have 

 an intermediate harvest of coarse rice and other small grains, which 

 is reaped in June. Above the Mamdot territory the ground requires 

 much manure to render it productive, but below it commences what 

 is called the Serab country, where the overflowings of the river leave 

 a rich deposit, which requires but one turn of the plough to yield a 

 plentiful harvest, and where wells are little used for purposes of agri- 

 culture. Gram is not grown in any quantity below Mamdot, and the 

 sugar-cane totally disappears. 



On the 14th we started from Mamdot. The banks of the river in 

 some places higher than we have hitherto anywhere observed them. 

 The land is here irrigated by means of kdhrez or water-courses ; pits 

 are dug close on the banks of the river, and water let into them by 

 channels dug through the banks and raised from them by the Persian 

 wheel. 



We passed a few temporary hamlets near the river, but villages 

 were at a distance, and distinguishable only by the clump of trees by 

 which they were surrounded. Opposite the village of Bdbul-ke was a 

 ghat with two boats. 



The jhau jungle on both sides of the river high and thick, but 

 parched up. At sun-set we came to on the right bank near the 

 village of Kagge-ke, where was a remarkably fine pipal tree. Estimated 

 distance from Mamdot 11^ kos. Our land party halted at Mohan-ke 

 on the left bank, about three kos from the river, as it is said to be a 

 larger place than Mamdot. 



On the 15th we arrived at Bagge-ke, estimated distance by the 

 river 10 kos. Villages at a distance from the banks, which were for 

 the most part covered with jhau jungle and the kana reed. Now and 

 then a small patch of cultivation intervened. 



The channel much intersected by sand-banks : winding in the river 

 inconsiderable. We passed one ghat, at which there were two boats. 



On the lGth at Ladhu-ke, estimated distance by the river 7 J kos. 

 At the village of Johad-ke, the only one close on the banks, there 

 were two boats and a number of the temporary wells or kdhrez before 

 described. I observed one where the water was conveved over a 

 sand-bank across the bed of the river for the distance of half a mile, 

 2 b 2 



