188 Journal of a voyage from [March, 



and was then raised by a well and Persian wheel to a higher bank, 

 over which another channel conducted the water to the permanent 

 banks of the river. Here the same apparatus raised the water to a 

 level with the country to be irrigated. 



The river increasing in breadth and more winding than yesterday ; 

 the banks occasionally twelve and fourteen feet high, and covered to 

 the water's edge by heavy jhau and grass jungle, which are likely to 

 prove embarrassing to boats tracking up the river. 



On the 17th we arrived at Jagvere, estimated distance ]5\ kos. 

 About four kos beyond Ladhu-ke we passed the boundary of the 

 Mamdot territory opposite to Kallandir-ke, and, a kos further on, en- 

 tered that of Nawab Bahawal Khan, opposite Rana-watta. Between 

 these places there is a dense forest of the jhau which rises to the 

 height of twenty and more feet, and is almost impenetrable. The 

 zemindars of these parts find it a secure refuge from the oppressive 

 demands of their rulers. The little cultivation they engage in depends 

 much on the course of the river. They have no settled habitations, 

 but wherever the banks of the river afford facility for digging their 

 temporary wells, they erect their hamlets of grass and kana reed, and 

 commence cultivating. A slight change in the course of the river 

 often obliges them to remove to a more favorable spot, and it rarely 

 happens that the same people cultivate the same fields for three 

 seasons together. 



We passed the ruins of a village, Watter Shah, on the right bank, 

 where there was a ghat with two boats. Opposite the village of 

 Azmut-ke we were met by the officer in charge of the Khan's frontier 

 district, Ulla Bachaya, the nephew of the Khan's Vizier, a sufficient- 

 ly mean-looking personage, and who, in dress and manner, led us to 

 draw no very favoi'able conclusions as to the style of the Bahdwalpur 

 court. He was attended by a handful of ill-mounted and dirty-look- 

 ing horsemen, whose sombre and uncombed appearance formed a 

 striking contrast to the gayer equipments of our Pathan friends. 



Winding in the river considerable. In a few places where confined 

 bv high banks, we had an uninterrupted deep channel averaging seven 

 hundred yards in breadth. 



At Jagvcrd we found Nawab Ghula'm Qa'dir Khan, the mehman- 

 dar sent on the part of Bahawal Khan to attend us to Bahdwalpur, 

 and who had been waiting our arrival at this barren spot for the last 

 three months. On the morning of the 18th he paid us a visit, and 

 we were introduced to a corpulent, good-humoured, baiiiah-looking 

 person, whose manners, if not highly polished, were frank and 



