1837.] of fossil Quadrumana in the Sewdlihs. 355 



detected in our collection an astragalus/ which we referred to a 

 quadrumanous animal. The specimen is an entire bone, free from any 

 matrix and in a fine state of preservation from having been partly mine- 

 ralized with hydrate of iron. It corresponds exactly in size with the 

 astragalus of the Semnopithecus Entellus or Langoor, and the details of 

 form are so much alike in both, that measurement by the callipers was 

 required to ascertain the points of difference. We have forwarded 

 the specimen with a notice to the Geological Society of London, after 

 keeping it some months in reserve, having been diffident about resting 

 the first announcement of fossil Quadrumana on any thing less 

 decisive than the cranium or teeth. 



This astragalus in conjunction with Messrs. Baker and Dcrand's 

 specimen, satisfied us of the existence of at least two distinct fossil 

 Quadrumana in the Sewdlik Hills. We have lately become possessed 

 of several fragments, more or less perfect, belonging to the lower jaws 

 of two species, both smaller than Messrs. Bakicr and Durand's 

 fossil. These we shall now proceed to notice. 



The principal specimen is represented in fig. I. It consists of both 

 sides of the lower jaw ; a great portion of the right half is entire with 

 the whole series of molars ; the left half is broken off to the rear of the 

 antepenultimate molar. The two middle incisors are present, and 

 also the left canine broken across at its upper third. The right canine 

 and the lateral incisors had dropt out leaving but the alveoli. The 

 molars of the left side are destroyed down to the level of the jaw. 

 The right ramus is wanting in more than half its width, together with 

 the articulating and coronoid processes, and a portion of the margin 

 at the angle of the jaw is gone. The specimen is a black fossil, and 

 strongly ferruginous ; the specific gravity about 2.70. It was encased 

 in a matrix of hard sandstone, part of which is still left adhering 

 to it. 



The jaw had belonged to an extremely old animal. The last molar 

 is worn down so as to have lost every trace of its points, and the three 

 teeth in advance of it have been reduced to hollowed-out discs, 

 encircled by the external plate of enamel. The muscular hollow on the 

 ramus for the insertion of the temporal muscle is very marked, being 

 .35 inches deep upon a width of .55. 



The dimensions contrasted with those of the Langoor or Semnopi* 

 thecus Entellus and the common Indian monkey or Pithecus Rhesus, 

 are as follow ; — 



