1837.] 



of fossil Quadrumana in the Sewdliks. 



357 



about its differing specifically from the two Indian species with which 

 we have compared it. 



The next specimen is shown in fig. 5. It is a fragment of the 

 body of the right side of the lower jaw containing the four rear 

 molars. The teeth are beautifully perfect. It had belonged to an 

 adult although not an aged animal, the last molar having the points a 

 little worn, while the anterior teeth are considerably so. The dimen- 

 sions, taken along with age, at once prove that it belonged to a differ- 

 ent and smaller species than the fossil first noticed. 



The dimensions are as follow : — 



Dimensions of the lower Jaw. 



1. Length of space occupied by the four rear 

 molars, 



2. Height of jaw at the third molar, 



co =-. 



» 2 



CO Su 



CO 



P 

 U 



CO 





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PS 













M. 



■" s 





r; ^5 . 



u ** • 



s** 



CO 



S 



— few 



i> B '" 





o • 





bo « .a 



O 3 



u 



3 CO 



'Jl 



J 



cc 



p- 



inches. 



inches. 



inches. 





1.48 



1.7 



1.48 



1.25 



.95 





1.1 



.9 



The length of jaw, therefore, estimated from the space occupied by 

 the teeth, would be 4 inches, while in the larger fossil it is 5.3 inches ; 

 a difference much too great to be dependent merely on varieties of one 

 specie?. Besides we have another fragment, also belonging to the 

 right side of the lower jaw, and containing the last molar which agrees 

 exactly in size with the corresponding tooth in the figured specimen. 

 This goes to prove the size to have been constant. The fossil, 

 although corresponding precisely in the space occupied by the four 

 rear molars with the Entellus, has less height of jaw. There is fur- 

 ther a difference in the teeth. In the Entellus the heel of the rear 

 molar is a simple flattened oblique surfaced tubercle, rather sharp at 

 the inside. In the fossil, the heel in both fragments is bifid at the 

 inside. The same structure is observable in the heel of the rear molar 

 of the common Indian monkey P. rhesus. It is therefore probable that 

 the fossil was a Pithecus also. It was considerably larger, however, 

 than the common monkey, and the jaw is more flattened, deeper, and 

 its lower edge much sharper than in the latter. This difference in 

 size and form indicates the species to have been different. 



It would appear, therefore, that there are three known species of 



fossil Quadrumana from the Seioulik hills : the first a very large 



species discovered by Messrs. Baker, and Durand ; the second a large 



species also, but smaller than the first, and considerably larger than 



3 A 



