358 Discovery of three new species [Mat, 



the Entellus; the third, of the size of the Entellus, and probahly a 

 Pithecus ; and further that two of the three at least, and most proba- 

 bly the third also, belonged to the types of the existing monkeys of 

 the old Continent, in having but five molars, and not to the Sapajans 

 of America. 



There are at present upwards of 150 described species of existing 

 Quadrumana ,- and as the three fossil ones all belonged to the larger 

 sized monkeys, it is probable that there are several more Sewdlik 

 species to be discovered. We have some specimens of detached teeth, 

 of large size, which we conjucture to be quadrumanous ; but their 

 detached state make this conjecture extremely doubtful. 



Besides the interest attaching to the first discovery in the fossil 

 state of animals so nearly approaching man in their organization, as 

 the Quadrumana, the fact is more especially interesting in the Sewdlik 

 species, from the fossils with which they are associated. The same 

 beds or different beds of the same formation, from which the Qua- 

 drumana came, have yielded species of the camel and antelope, and the 

 Anoplotherium poster ogenium, (nob.) : the first two belonging to genera 

 which are now coexistent with man, and the last to a genus charac- 

 teristic of the oldest tertiary beds in Europe. The facts yielded by 

 the Reptilian orders are still more interesting. Two of the fossil 

 crocodiles of the Sewdliks are identical, without even ranging into 

 varieties, with the Crocodilus biporcatus and Leptorynchus Gangeticus 

 which now inhabit in countless numbers, the rivers of India ; while the 

 Testudinata are represented by the Megalochelys Sivalensis (nob.), a 

 tortoise of enormous dimensions which holds in its order the same 

 rank that the Iguanodon and Megalosaurus do among the Saurians. 

 This huge reptile (the Megalochelys) — certainly the most remarkable of 

 all the animals which the Sewdliks have yielded — from its size carries 

 the imagination back to the sera of gigantic Saurians. We have leg 

 bones derived from it, with corresponding fragments of the shell, 

 larger than the bones in the Fndian unicorned Rhinoceros ! 



There is, therefore, in the Sewdlik fossils, a mixture in the same 

 formation of the types of all ages, from the existing up to that of the 

 chalk ; and all coexistent with Quadrumana. 



P. S. Since the above remarks were put together, we have been 

 led to analyse the character presented by a specimen in our collection 

 which wehad conjectured to be quadrumanous. The examination proves 

 it to be so incontesribly. The specimen is represented in figs. A, B, 

 anil C, of PI. XVIII. It is the extra-alveolar portion of the left canine 

 of 'he upper jaw of a very large species. The identification rests upon 

 two vertical facets of wear, one on the anterior surface, the other on the 



