1862.] Ancient Javanese Remains. J 9 



not less I think than 11 feet in height, is a nearly naked Buddha, 

 exceedingly well sculptured, seated in an attitude of demonstration 

 or teaching ex cathedra (Fig. 2.) This has originally occupied an 

 elevated place opposite the entrance, but it has fallen and now leans 

 slanting against the wall. On either side sits, still enthroned, a mild- 

 faced male figure of somewhat smaller size, crowned and jewelled, 

 and having the hands also raised as if in conversational action. 

 These did not appear to represent any Hindu gods, and were with- 

 out monstrosities or emblems.* There are also six highly sculptured 

 niches in the walls, such as usually contain crossed-legged Buddhas, 

 but empty. 



There is then, in the interior, nothing inconsistent with pure Bud- 

 dhism. But the exterior on each side is sculptured in relief with figures 

 which are undoubtedly those of Hindu divinities, with their attendants ; 

 an 8-armed goddess on one side, Parvati, I believe ; 4-armed gods on the 

 other two. The whole contour of the figures, and that peculiar sway of 

 the hips in the standing attendants, which we still see in coarse modern 

 Indian sculpture, is purely Hindu. Parts of the pilasters or styles 

 of the panels containing these relievos are richly carved in scrolls, 

 not unlike those on the well-known beautiful arcades of the great 

 mosque at the Kootub. There can be little doubt that these relievos 

 and all the surface ornaments were sculptured after the erection of 

 the masonry, as Mr. Crawfurd has observed in regard to some others 

 of the Javanese temples. I have lately seen this fashion of working 

 very clearly exemplified in the ancient tope of Sarnath near Benares, 

 where you may see the rich ornamentation of the surface in parts 

 left unfinished, and in parts just etched out to guide the carver. But 

 still I think undoubtedly these relievos must have been part of the 

 original design, and I clo not mention the circumstance as elucidating 

 the combination of Brahminism and Buddhism. I believe this 

 mixture is found in some of the caves of western India. In Ceylon 

 the temples of the Hindu divinities are constantly found immediately 

 adjoining the Buddhist pagodas, and though such a combination is 

 totally strange to modern Burma, we found one very old temple at 

 Pagan which exhibited Hindu divinities in panels on the exterior.f 



* May they be Dhavma and Sanga, the law and the church, the two other 

 objects of Buddhist reverence? 



f See a note by Col. Phayre in " Mission to Ava," — p. 53. 



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