152 A Memoir on tlie living Asiatic Species of Rhinoceros. [No. 2, 



and he moreover notices that " a two-horned Rhinoceros is stated by 

 the Malays to inhabit, but rarely to leave, the densest jungle." As 

 this animal is common in parts of Burma, as well as in Sumatra, it 

 may be confidently predicated to inhabit the intervening region of the 

 Malayan peninsula : but the more common and ordinary species of 

 the peninsula would appear to be Eh, sondaictjs ; and a friend who 

 has killed as many as nine individuals in the southern half of that 

 region, to whom I shewed several skulls of ikdicus and of sondaictjs, 

 is positive that all which he saw there were of the lesser one-horned 

 species, as distinguished from the larger. The former, as before re- 

 marked, inhabits the islands of Java and Borneo in the archipelago, 

 but not Sumatra ;* whereas the two-horned species, as an insular 

 animal, appears to be peculiar to Sumatra. f In the volume on Ele- 

 phants, &c. in Sir W. Jardine's ' Naturalist's Library,' the lesser 

 one-horned Rhinoceros is erroneously styled " the one-horned Suma- 

 tran Rhinoceros ;" a mistake which might have been rectified by 

 reference to Sir T. St. Raffles's paper in the 13th Vol. of the ' Trans- 

 actions of the Linnsean Society,' which indeed is cited by the com- 

 piler. J 



The vernacular topical names of Jdvan and Smndtran Rhinoceroses 

 had now better be disused ; seeing that both species have an exten- 

 sive range of distribution on the mainland of S. E. Asia; the latter 

 should rather be denominated ? the Asiatic two-horned Rhinoceros ;' 

 and the two others ' the Great one-horned' and the ' Lesser 

 one-horned ;' unless, indeed, the alleged discovery should be con- 

 firmed of the existence of a one-horned species in inter-tropical Africa, 

 in addition to the four two-horned species which are now recognised 



* The range of Bos sostdaictts is similar ; excepting that this animal does 

 not extend to Bengal, like Rhinoceros sondaictts. 



t As also the Malayan Tapir, the continental range of which extends north- 

 ward to the Tenasserim provinces of Tavoy and Mergui. 



% The adult male Rhinoceros which lived for many years in the gardens of the 

 Zoological Society, Regent's Park, London, (and for which the considerable sum of 

 £1000 was paid,) is stated to have been captured in Arakan ; but he was not nearly 

 so large as several that I have since seen in India ; and, therefore, I entertain an 

 exceedingly strong suspicion that he was no other than sondaictts. His bones 

 have doubtless been preserved. The two Asiatic one-horned species, indeed, resem- 

 ble each other a great deal more nearly, in external appearance, than the published 

 figui'es of them would lead to suppose. Certainly no sportsman or ordinary 

 observer would distinguish them apart, unless his attention had been specially 

 called to the subject. The best figure I know of adult Kh. indicus is that pub- 

 lished by Cuvier and Greoffroy, in the Menagerie du Museum d'Hist. Nat. 



