1862.] A Memoir on the living Asiatic Species of Rhinoceros. 153 



upon that continent (in which case the ' Great Indian' and the 

 ' Lesser Indian' might be deemed sufficiently appropriate ; as the 

 range of the ' Asiatic two-horned' does not extend to India proper, 

 which of course comprises Bengal but not Burma). The existence of 

 an African one-horned Rhinoceros was long ago affirmed by James 

 Bruce of Kinnaird, in addition to the two-horned species which he 

 pretended to figure ;* and Sir Andrew Smith assured me that he had 

 been repeatedly told by natives that such an animal occurred in the 

 regions northward of the tropic of Capricorn. In the Comptes Ren- 

 dus, torn. XXVI (184S), p. 281, an elaborate letter is published 

 ' Sur l'existence d'une espece Unicorne de Rhinoceros dans la partie 

 tropicale de l'Afrique,' from Mons. F. Fresnel, then Consul of 

 France at Jidda (' Djedda'), to which the reader, curious on the 

 subject, is referred. 



* Brace's figure of the Abyssinian Rhinoceros, it is well known, is a reversed 

 copy of Buffon's representation of true Eh. INDICTTS, with a second horn added. — > 

 Dr. Riippell ascertained the species to be Rit. afeicanus, the ordinary e Black 

 Rhinoceros' of S. Africa. The earliest-published genuine figui'e of this animal 

 is that in the Supplement to Buffon's work ; but certainly the most spirited as 

 well as correct pictorial representations, alike of the Rhinoceroses and of various 

 other animals of Africa, are given by modern sporting travellers, as Cornwallis 

 Harris, and especially C. J. Andersson. By a slip of the pen, the latter writer 

 alludes to Rhinoceroses in the island of Ceylon ! As even Humboldt referred 

 to the Tiger of Ceylon in his Asie Centrale ! 



There are capital figures of some of the arctic animals, also, in Mr. J. 

 Lamont's ' Seasons with the Sea Horses' (1861) ; among the rest, of the Spitz^ 

 bergen Deer, represented with well-developed vertical brow-plates to their horns 

 (vide J. A. S. XXIX, 376). The question about the development of these Deer, 

 as compared with those of Lapland, (mooted loo. cit., p. 382,) is elucidated by 

 Mr. Lamont, who states that — " They do not grow to such a large size as the 

 tame Rein Deer of Lapland, nor are their horns quite so fine ; but, they attain 

 to a most extraordinary degree of condition. For further details, vide his 

 extremely interesting volume. However, I may remark that in all his figures of 

 Rein Deer the brow-plate is represented as being well-developed upon each 

 horn ; whereas I suspect that it is, generally, only rudimentary upon one 

 of the pair ; this, however, is probably a mistake on the part of the litho- 

 grapher! 



In further reference to the article alluded to, in which I commented upon the 

 late Professor Isidore St. Hilaire's remarks upon domestic animals, and con- 

 tended that we do not owe the domestication of the Turkey to the Spanish 

 invaders of America, (a most unlikely people to have accomplished anything of 

 the kind,) I may remark, that so completely familiar had this fowl become in 

 Sliakespere's time, that its then almost recent introduction into Europe had 

 already been forgotten ; for the great bard of Avon considerably ante-dates the 

 existence of Turkeys in England, making it prior to the Spanish discovery of the 

 New World ! In the first part of the drama of King Henry IV, Act II, Sc, 1, one 

 of the carriers introduced exclaims — " 'Odsbody ! The turkeys in my panniers 

 are quite starved." But it is not impossible that Shakespere meant the Guinea- 

 fowl ; albeit not very probable : though, in either case, he had ante-dated the 

 appearance of the domestic bird in European countries. 



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