1862.] A Memoir on tlie living Asiatic Species of Rhinoceros. 157 



are (or were) the Eh. leptorhines of the later European tertia- 

 ries, apparently also the Eh. Schleierjiacheri (v. megarliinus), and 

 I cannot help thinking even the immense Eh. tichorhlnes, — all of 

 these exemplifying an Eurasian or Europseo-asiatic (and more or 

 less hair-clad) type of two-horned Ehinoceros, as distinguished from 

 the existing two-horned African type, which is represented by as 

 many as four living species (falling under two groups, with prehensile 

 and non-prehensile upper lip, and browsing or grazing habits accord- 

 ingly, — those of the latter habit being more gregarious and also more 

 gentle in disposition*). Figs. 3 and 4 of plate IV, represent the front 

 view of the skulls fs. 2 and 3 of pi. Ill ; but I have reason to suspect 

 that the united nasal bones of f. 4 of plate IV, are rarely so narrow 

 in the female of Eh. sematranus, as in the example represented. 



With the exceptions of fs. 1 and 4 of pi. IV, all the representa- 

 tions given were photographed together in one focus, so that the 

 relative sizes are quite accurately rendered. The scale of all is 1^ in. 

 to 1 ft.f 



So far as I can learn, the Eh. shmatranes is the only existing 

 species of Ehinoceros which presents secondary sexual distinctions ; 

 inasmuch as the horns of the male are very considerably more deve- 



three Rhinoceroses down to the southward, but was unsuccessful. One, the 

 monarch of the forest, I tracked up a mountain some 4,000 ft. high, which took 

 me sis hours to get up ; and close on the top, he rose up before me within six 

 feet, a magnificent beast. He was sideways towards me, and I distinctly saw his 

 two horns, which were at least ten to twelve inches longer than those I have got. 

 He would have been a great prize ; but, unfortunately, I had not my rifle in my 

 hand at the time, and the man who was carrying it fell down on his face in a 

 fright, and rolled down the hill. The beast was certainly a rather startling 

 apparition ; his advent being so very sudden, as if he had come up through a 

 trap-door in a pantomime, giving a tremendous roar, something between that of 

 an Elephant and that of a wild Boar." 



* For figures of the heads of these animals, in a collated group, vide Mr. 

 C.J. Andersson's 'Lake Ngami,' 2nd edit., p. 986. The affinity of the extinct 

 European species with Eh. sumatranus has been long ago remarked by Cuvier 

 and Owen. The Siwalik Eh. platyehinits of Cautley and Falconer is just 

 Eh. stjmateantjs enormously magnified ; and the Eh. sivalensis of the same 

 naturalists comes exceedingly close to the existing indicus (with the narrow 

 form of skull, and their Eh. paLjEINDICUS to the same with broad form of skull). 

 Can it be the identical species which lias lived clown to the present time ? The 

 discrepancy is, at least, not greater than subsists between Bison peiscus and the 

 modern Zuhr, which are considered by Owen to be one and the same. 



Since writing the above, I have read Prof. Owen's memoir ' On a National 

 Museum of Natural History.' Even he, evidently, had no idea of the two insu- 

 lar species of Ehinoceros extending their range to the mainland, as appears from 

 his casual notice of thein. 



f Eor these and other photographs of objects of Natural History, I have to 

 thank my esteemed friend T. S. Isaac, Esq., C. E. 



